01:07So what we want to kick off the afternoon session about is looking at spatial analysis and how ArcGIS helps...

01:16...you with increasing your use of spatial analysis, because this is an important area...

01:22...because this is where it differentiates you, the GIS professional, because you have the ability to use these type of tools.

01:28Let's go ahead and do a review of spatial analysis and some of the new concepts that we have.

01:37With this slide, I always like to begin, How many geographers do we have in the audience?

01:43Wow, we've got a lot. That's good. That's more than Sacramento or San Francisco.

01:47Because I feel more at home with geographers. That's my background as well.

01:52But I think many of you begin to understand, nongeographers alike, that...

01:55...GIS has advanced the science of geography by allowing you to do different types of concepts...

02:04...doing measurements in quantifying and using models, and making your data actionable...

02:09...just making it more than just a point on a map...being able to solve complex problems with that.

02:15So many of you understand too, that over the last 20 years, there's more and more spatial tools...

02:21...spatial analysis tools are being made available through GIS.

02:28There's some common spatial analysis questions that drive any of the systems that you're using.

02:35Here are an example of a few.

02:38But as I look at it, I'd like to address more complex issues instead of a simple one-word statement or two-word statement.

02:47I'd like to be able to identify solutions for different types of problems.

02:53Good example for me would be...we're looking at smart growth.

02:58We're also looking at different types of how to plan housing, say you know, housing in relation to the work...

03:06...where the work areas are, and then being able to utilize the road infrastructure...

03:12...and also minimize greenhouse gas emissions by creating service areas that people don't have to go and drive.

03:22That's kind of a...could be a complex question to do, and this is where GIS shines.

03:26This is where you begin to take your data and make it actionable.

03:33We began or later in the morning, what we were doing was we introduced ArcGIS Server...

03:40...and I described that animation component with [ArcGIS] Server.

03:45Time. ArcGIS allows for temporal GIS. Making your maps time aware.

03:52Being able to look at an event as it occurred and seeing how it moved through an area...

03:59...and what were some of the factors that influenced that impact on that area?

04:07It's pretty valuable to be able to take that time component and bring it in with other spatial analysis tools.

04:14A good example that I look at is something in say, San Diego.

04:18You have an active fire history going on and over the last, well, it's been pretty heavy the last few years.

04:26But you want to maybe take a look at how the fire and the patterns moved through the area...

04:31...through Sacra...or, through San Diego, and be able to discern...

04:35...maybe something was increasing the dispersion of the fire, increasing it because of maybe...

04:42...that different types of vegetation conditions that were found, or different types of planning activities that...

04:49...the cities or counties needed to be able to understand.

04:52You could be able to see that and be able to discern that type of information by looking at it as a time-based scenario.

05:00Rather than me talking about it any further, we do have an excellent demonstration.

05:06This is, to me, this is the best demo of the whole event about time, and Jen will be doing that now.

05:14Thanks Tony. Put a lot of pressure on me I think...a little...

05:20Okay. So what we're looking at here is just a basemap showing the Washington, D.C., area.

05:25And what I want to do is just demonstrate and show you how we can use some of the new time features of ArcGIS 10...

05:32...to kind of...to make sense of our crime data...

05:35...look at trends and patterns as happening within the D.C. area.

05:39So, first I’m going to begin by turning on our Crime Incidents, and there are a few.

05:44This always gets so much comment.

05:45But, the good news is...well, I don't know if there's good news, but anyway...

05:50...this is actually crime data that's been downloaded from the D.C. Data Catalog.

05:54So this is the crime in the D.C. area for the first six months of 2010.

05:59So it wasn't just a weekly thing or a daily crime thing.

06:03We've got six months' worth of crime data that we're showing here.

06:06But we can see right away that...we can't make a lot of sense of this data, right?

06:10We've got a whole lot of points that are being displayed on the map, but I can't really see any trends or anything...

06:15...except it just looks like a high volume of crime.

06:19So new in ArcGIS 10 is the ability to make your layers time aware.

06:24So this layer has been made time aware, so you can see we've enabled it on this...

06:28...and so now once I've done that, I have the ability, using the Time Slider bar...

06:35...to go through day by day and look at the various crimes that have happened on that specific day.

06:42So now we're able to kind of look through and see the differences and...

06:46...and see how the crime pattern has changed through each day, which is very powerful.

06:54I could also change this and create an animation and have that play so that we can watch and see how...

07:02...that time has changed, or sorry, the crime patterns have changed over time.

07:10Now I’m just going to take a few minutes to also show you some of the new geoprocessing capabilities...

07:15...and then also do some more analysis on the data.

07:18So I'm able to kind of get a visual pattern, and you know...

07:21...previously I'd have to break those up into queries, query out all those features by day.

07:25Now I can just use the Time Slider, play them, and create animations.

07:29So what I'm going to do is, I want to identify the density of crimes on a specific day of the week.

07:38So we have seven days out of the week.

07:41I want to see where there's high densities of crime incidents versus lower ones.

07:46And so rather than doing this analysis per each day, we've created a model to do this.

07:51But before I get into running this model to create those seven density grids for each day...

07:56...I just wanted to take a moment to show you a couple of new features of ModelBuilder.

07:59How many of you are ModelBuilder users out there?

08:02So you'd probably be really excited about a couple of these new features, and maybe you've already discovered them...

08:07...but new at 10, if you just hover over one of the elements inside your model...

08:15...here we go...I'm just not being patient enough...it pops up the information.

08:21So in this situation, we're looking at all the inputs that's going into that process as part of your model.

08:27So that's really nice, 'cause how many of you would do the right-click, open it up to look at your parameters for your tools...

08:32...and then you close it, and then you go "Oh, I forgot what I added."

08:35So that's a really nice feature.

08:36But this is probably my favorite.

08:38So how many of you have gone into ModelBuilder and you just deleted something, and you went "Uh-oh."

08:42And then you went and you clicked this X over here and you said "Don't save the changes."

08:47And then you opened it back up and it got back. Has anyone ever done that workflow?

08:51Yeah.

08:53Well, this is a new feature at 10. We've added the Undo and Redo.

08:56So I think a lot of you will really appreciate having that feature in here.

09:01So what I'm going to do now is just run this model.

09:06And so it doesn't have any parameters.

09:08And another thing that is a new feature in 10 is background geoprocessing.

09:13And so Katja mentioned this a little bit in the imagery demo...

09:16...but you can see I can still work inside of ArcMap, so I can zoom in and out on my map.

09:22And take a minute for all those crime features to redraw.

09:27If I try to do something like close ArcMap, you can see that it gives me...

09:33...it's letting me know that there's a process that's actually executing in the background, and if you look down at the bottom...

09:39...you can see that...it's giving me some visual cue to let me know that that process is still working in the background.

09:47So that's really nice. So you can continue to be productive.

09:49A lot of us have pretty extensive geoprocessing operations that we execute...

09:55...so now we can continue to be productive and work on our desktop while that's happening in the background.

10:03So, another thing that I'll talk about just briefly before the results are returned...

10:08...so it's letting me know that the model has completed. Katja also mentioned the new mosaic dataset.

10:14So rather than going and turning on each one of those seven grids that are showing the density of crimes...

10:20...I'm going to use a mosaic dataset and the Time Slider to iterate through those seven different images.

10:27So if I come in, and I'm just going to turn it on, if I take a look here at the table inside the footprint...

10:33...you can notice that we've got seven different rasters that we're referencing.

10:38So each one of those rasters is a density map for crime on a specific day of the week.

10:45So I'm going to come back over and make sure that I have enabled this mosaic dataset as well, to be time aware...

10:54...and now I'm going to use the Time Slider just to iterate through those seven days of the week.

10:59Before I do that, I just want to modify a couple of the properties.

11:04For the first one, I'm just going to set it to my mosaic dataset instead of the crime data.

11:09And I just want to display it by day of the week.

11:17And now that I've gone and enabled that, you can see we can loop through, or we can, I'm sorry...

11:23...move through and look at each one of those density grids on the different days of the week.

11:28So that we can see where there's higher concentrations.

11:30The white areas are showing higher concentrations of crime and then the black areas are showing lower concentrations.

11:37So what I'd like to do now, is just even take this a step further.

11:40So now that we've kind of seen the different crime densities for days of the week...

11:45...I want to actually see the areas where crime is occurring on the weekends.

11:53So I actually want to see where areas have higher crime rates on the weekend versus the weekdays.

12:00And so this would help us to deploy the amount of resources that are necessary to police these areas.

12:08And so what we're looking at now is...

12:09...the yellow areas are showing where we have higher concentrations of crimes on weekends...

12:14...and the blue areas are showing the higher concentrations of crime on the weekend.

12:20Now, many of us, this is great, right?

12:22We do this analysis, we work with all these tools using ArcGIS Desktop...

12:27...but the next thing that I want to show you is taking this information and building it...

12:35...or providing it through a Web application so that others within the organization have access to this information.

12:42So now what I've opened up here is the new ArcGIS Viewer for Flex and so some of you...

12:48How many of you've downloaded and worked with the new one?

12:51How many still working with the sample? Some of you still working with the sample?

12:54What's that? [Inaudible audience question]

12:56Yeah. So what we're seeing here is the same basemap and so as a crime analyst...

13:02...or as a decision maker within the police department, I could come in and I could use this information to make decisions.

13:14So the first thing that I want to show you is that inside of the Web application, you still have access to the Time Slider.

13:21So what I could do is, I could iterate through those various different days and look at the crime incidents.

13:28So this is very useful for people that want to see what's happening within the area.

13:33In addition to that, I could come in and just click on a feature and I could see...

13:39...some information about that report or that crime that's happened.

13:43So I'm just going to kind of zoom in to this area, and as I continue to go through using the Time Slider...

13:49...I can see if there are any similar crimes that have happened within that area, a day apart, or a couple of days apart...

13:55...just to see if there's any trends in the number of crimes that have happened within that area.

14:03So in addition to that, we're looking in the background we see that grid that we created.

14:08The yellow areas showing our weekends, where weekends have higher crime rates...

14:11...and the blue areas showing where there's lower crime rates, or sorry, ...weekday crime rates.

14:18So what I’m going to do is just zoom in to an area, and I want to find out a little bit more about this information that's here.

14:25So what I’m going to do is just draw out an area.

14:29I want to find out some information about the crimes that have happened within this area here.

14:34So what it's showing me are a couple of charts, and if I look at this bar chart...

14:37...it's telling me that, yeah, there's higher crime, so it's just as our grid is showing us.

14:43We have higher crime rates on the weekends compared to weekdays.

14:47We can see we've got lower amounts.

14:49But not just identifying where there's higher crimes on different days...

14:52...we also kind of want to know what types of crimes are happening within these areas.

14:56And so this pie chart is showing us the different...

15:00...so you see we've got quite a few thefts that have happened within the area...

15:04...quite a few robberies that have happened within the area as well.

15:08So this is just giving you an overview of just some of the new time-aware capabilities of ArcGIS 10...

15:16...and looking at how we can use it to visualize these crime incidents, as well as taking a look at...

15:22...some of the ways that we can view this information and use it for decision-making purposes.

15:28Okay. So what did you guys think of that demo? Did that...yeah...

15:36I told you it was a good demo.

15:40Actually, what's so interesting about that is that whenever we bring up those crime incidents...

15:44...those individual points, it gets the same response. It's like, my gosh.

15:50But it's hard to understand that information without using some types of spatial analysis...

15:56...and we, as you saw, we were using it and making it time aware.

16:01And then looking at it in a different way.

16:04And then applying those results to that Web application that we discussed earlier today.

16:11It allows people to start to see and use things in a different manner, that they might not have been able to do before.

16:18So that, as Jen identified, the person that's maybe looking at some of those police beats...

16:23...and how to optimize where to put resources on the weekend, they can maybe look at this as a planning tool...

16:31...based upon some of the information that they understand about criminal activity...

16:35...or that detective could look at it and begin maybe to discern different types of pattern...

16:42...and actually maybe solve a few cases of crime because it's time aware...

16:46...and you use some spatial analysis, not just a point on a map.

16:51The last component is about making that available to other people...

16:54...and it's for public hearings for people to understand what's going on.

16:58Let them be able to see things and understand what you're presenting to them.

17:03It's really powerful and I think it's something you can take advantage of today with time analysis.

17:13We've also taken a look at other additional tools to help you do better analysis...

17:19...and these two let the cat out of the bag a couple of times about background processing.

17:26No more can you just go ahead and run that geoprocess and say you're doing work...

17:31...and you can walk away and grab a cup of coffee, right?

17:36Now you have the ability to do work while that process is going.

17:40So making you more effective with the time and the resources that you have, and then getting those results to you.

17:49Additionally, we've looked at some of the raster performance concepts...

17:53...and when you have to do some sampling on a surface and then build a raster surface...

17:57...it's been computer intensive and also it's been lengthy in getting those results.

18:02Well, we've taken a look at 10 and really increased the performance there.

18:06And I think that those that are doing that will see those improved results quickly.

18:13The modeling components improve modeling...

18:16...the Undo button there to eliminate all those mistakes that you make when you model.

18:21I mean, we're not perfect. Demonstrated that a few times here on this one, but it's there.

18:27I mean, the ability to do an undo, and then actually add in some additional iterations on that model...

18:33...to make it as complex as needed to run those results.

18:38The last component is about integrating in different types of models...

18:43...or mathematical analysis tools that you use through Python scripting.

18:47We reviewed that component this morning, but also Python scripting has the ability to consume and bring in this content...

18:55...and then bring those results together within ArcGIS, making it the ability to have those scientific tools at your disposal...

19:05...to look at the data that you're creating and maintaining, is pretty powerful.

19:11And allowing it to be scripted through and integrated with other results makes it only more powerful.

19:22We've taken a look at different types of spatial analysis functionality and we've looked at adding...

19:28...we're describing three that we've brought in...and brought in the 10 release.

19:35Some of these are pretty complex and advanced and what does it help you do?

19:39Well, it helps you, these models help you understand...

19:45...in the computer environment, some of the situations that are occurring on the surface.

19:49You know, making these models more realistic in representation of some of the features that are very complex...

19:56...and variables that may work back and forth with one another but there's not a defined, set result on that.

20:03And better than I to describe it further, let's go look at...one of these now...

20:08...and it's the Fuzzy Logic application, and Katja will be driving it home with that one.

20:15All right. Thank you Tony.

20:18So how many of you have heard of fuzzy set theory?

20:22Okay, just a couple of you?

20:23So fuzzy set theory deals with logic that is not precise like the regular or crisp logic does.

20:32So for example, you can describe somebody as being young or being old...

20:42...or you can describe somebody as being too young or too old, kind of young, very young, very old, and so on.

20:46So those are examples of values that are not necessarily discrete.

20:51And in the ArcGIS 10 we have tools that deal with fuzzy logic.

20:56So let's take a look at the Bald Eagle Suitability Study for Nesting.

21:01And there are a couple of things that we know about bald eagles' nesting...

21:06...and one of them is that they prefer to nest in areas that have the...

21:12...land cover that is not too dense and not too sparse.

21:16So anywhere between 40 and 70 percent works well.

21:21They also like to nest in areas near large bodies of water.

21:27So here I've got the buffers of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 meters around Big Bear Lake.

21:35Another thing that we know about bald eagles is that they do not like any type of human disturbance.

21:42So be it roads or urban areas, they do not like nesting near those areas.

21:48And then of course, another thing that we know about the bald eagles is that they don't operate on polygons.

21:57So what I have done in here is, I've created a model...let me make it a little bit bigger...that takes these three variables...

22:07...the distance to water, human disturbance, and percentage of tree cover, and converts it into the fuzzy sets.

22:15And fuzzy sets have values from 0 to 1. They're not quite percentages.

22:20They're more like truth values or the values of suitability to what we know is good for bald eagles.

22:26And you can see that I have different graphs in here.

22:31So I'm using different functions to convert those variables to fuzzy sets.

22:35So in case of large distance...large bodies of water, as the distance increases, the suitability decreases quite rapidly.

22:43In case of human disturbance, as the distance to that human disturbance increases, so does the suitability.

22:52And then finally, with the percentage of tree cover, as I mentioned, about 40 to 70 percent is optimal.

23:01And the rest of the values are not quite so optimal. So we've got a different type of graph.

23:07So let's go ahead and run this model and create the surface that takes into account these three variables as fuzzy sets.

23:21So we'll create the membership sets and then convert them to fuzzy overlays.

23:28So...let me turn off the model inputs, and here for the outputs, I have...let's take a look at the model outputs.

23:39So I have the fuzzy human disturbance.

23:42So instead of having the polygons like we had before, we have a more uniform surface.

23:53Then if we take a look at the tree cover, we also converted that to a fuzzy set.

24:00And then finally, the distance to water.

24:05And here's the result. Where's the result? Oh, there we go.

24:14There's the result. I have to turn on the group layer to see the result.

24:18So you can see that instead of having broken-up kind of areas, we have a more continuous set.

24:25So what we were able to do is model the reality a little bit more accurately.

24:32So now let me show you some resources that you have available to you.

24:38I am looking at the ArcGIS Resource Center, and within the Functions area, we've got geoprocessing...

24:45...and the Geoprocessing Resource Center has a number of models and scripts within the gallery.

24:54Literally hundreds and hundreds of tools that were uploaded by Esri and users like you.

25:00So if I sort this by most downloaded, there is one particular tool that I find very interesting and that is using R in ArcGIS 10.

25:11And Tony mentioned a little bit about that.

25:14So this sample will show you how to integrate a statistical package, in this case R, using ArcPy.

25:25And that is another way that you can bring in those additional tools...

25:31...and models that you have created in other packages and integrate them in ArcGIS 10.

25:37Tony?

25:38Okay. All right.

25:42Were you able to see a real complex model mapped out and visualized fairly eas...

25:49...and it looked easy when you see the result, right?

25:53But that's the process, is being able to take those models...

25:58...and be able to generate a result that people can begin to understand.

26:02It may be city planners or it may be environmental groups or someone in public health...

26:07...that might need these types of scientific-based tools in order to do the work they were required to do.

26:17This is what differentiates you and the ability to have those tools.

26:25There are additional elements within spatial analysis that we can describe now and it's about...looking at network analysis.

26:32And this is actually pretty timely.

26:34Why is this important?

26:36Well, there's certain features that you may need to do time-based routing through a network...

26:43...a complex network that could look at different traffic patterns and flows...

26:47...but you have to deliver goods and services to these areas in a set amount of time.

26:53Not only to satisfy the customers, but what about being able to take your workforce that has to go out in the field...

26:59...and get them there optimally using the least amount of fuel, saving money.

27:06So within the network analysis you have the ability to do more time-based routing.

27:11Consider looking at that if you have those type of needs that are occurring.

27:16We've also looked at the incremental rebuilds and taking...

27:20...taking a look at how do you edit and maintain those networks that you're building these services on?

27:25So you have the ability to just edit and do a rebuild only on those sections that need to be serviced...I should say...

27:33...and then not infecting...not impeding you to use the other areas on the network.

27:40The last component is about location allocation.

27:43Jen actually did one of those...did a demonstration on that earlier today...

27:47...but it's about looking at load on the facilities that you may maintain.

27:53What is the impact of the resources on the network to those facilities that you may work on day to day?

28:00That's about what it is and we looked at it in the Parks example in relation to where the...

28:06...young population was.

28:10Now we'll take it...a little further look into that location-allocation regarding some evacuation scenarios. Jen?

28:20So as Tony mentioned...we just looked at the results of some location-allocation analysis in the first demonstration today...

28:27...where we were looking at the different playgrounds and how they were allocated to citizens that had small children.

28:34So what I'd like to do now...

28:37...is just take a moment to show you another example of location-allocation analysis.

28:41In this situation, we're going to use it for community planning.

28:44So let's say, for example, the City of Glendora is looking for the best two evacuation facilities...

28:53...that would serve their citizens in the event of some kind of emergency.

28:57So what I'm going to do first is just show you the data that's in our maps.

29:00So those purple dots are indicating our blocks, so the number of people and household units...

29:05...and the green points are showing us the different evacuation facilities.

29:10I’m just going to go ahead and draw a barrier around the Glendora High School.

29:14So what the barrier is doing, it's not actually eliminating that area from the analysis.

29:22What it's doing is it's applying a cost to us using that facility and that cost could be several things.

29:28It could be high traffic volumes, it could be construction that's happening within the area.

29:33So there's lots of different reasons that you might want to apply these barriers.

29:37So again, we don't eliminate it from the analysis. We're just associating a higher cost with that area.

29:43So what it's doing now, the analysis is going to first of all pick the best two locations for all of those citizens...

29:53...within the Glendora area and allocate each one of those blocks to one of those evacuation facilities.

29:58And so the analysis has returned and if I just kind of hover my mouse over this part...blue flag...

30:05...it tells me the number of blocks and the number of people that that facility will be accommodating.

30:10So all of those...this is their closest emergency evacuation facility.

30:14If I go down here, you can see this one has 151 blocks and just over...close to 15,000 people.

30:21That's their closest evacuation facility.

30:24Some additional results that have been returned to me is it lets me know what is the shortest travel time for somebody?

30:31What's the longest travel time? And what's the average travel time?

30:34So you can see that this is pretty good. Most of the citizens can get there within just over two minutes.

30:41So this is just another example of how location-allocation analysis can be used...

30:46...and we used it in this example to determine some evacuation areas for the City of Glendora.

30:53Great. Okay. Thank you.

31:01So as you saw with location-allocation, it has the ability to do some things based upon the facilities that you manage and maintain.

31:08Think about some of the things in your community that rely upon this.

31:13It can be that the fire station in relation to the housing development that's going in.

31:19Or being able to look at facilities in relation to the other services you're providing.

31:25So take a look at location allocation.

31:27It was only available originally in the workstation for a number of years...

31:32...and now it's at the desktop level, so it's a tool and resource available for you to use.

31:38So this concludes our section about spatial analysis, but there's a couple key components here...

31:44...hopefully, you can take away from, is that it takes your information...

31:48...and makes it more valuable, more knowledgeable.

31:52The ability to share those results about the information you collect and maintain.

31:59It allows those decision makers the ability to see the impact of what some of the changes...

32:06...that may occur based upon different types of decisions they're trying to make.

32:10It also empowers you, the GIS professional, to provide those resources.

32:14So this is the key component, because you understand the data...

32:18...and you understand the spatial analysis components that are required to do these kind of things.

32:23So this provides you, to your community, added value and the things that you’re doing.