00:13Hi. My topic today is developing a conceptual framework for geodesign.

00:20So, I'm one of those people that Jack refers to yesterday as those who want to develop ontologies for geodesign.

00:28And I always say, why in a little bit.

00:31And I have to say that our work builds upon what we have done for spatial decision support.

00:39We developed a conceptual framework for decision support and a knowledge portal for it.

00:44And I think we all agree that design and decision making goes hand in hand tightly during all the stages of geodesign process.

00:56And here, especially given this fairly broad definition of spatial decision support...

01:04...I think it works really well in the geodesign context, and this definition is crafted by Spatial Decision Support Consortium.

01:15Here are the members.

01:16In fact, many of them are sitting in this audience with us.

01:21And the work that I'm going report on is the collaborative effort of this consortium.

01:30So, first of all, we developed set of SDS ontologies and a knowledge portal on top of that.

01:38And I hope you will see why this is relevant for geodesign.

01:42So the objectives for developing the SDS knowledge portal is to systematically organize the vast body of knowledge...

01:51...and information in SDS, and you'll see what I mean by vast...

01:56...and facilitate the access of SDS resources which includes, for example, decision process workflow templates...

02:05...methods and techniques associated with specific steps during a process, and tools that implement a particular method.

02:15Case studies that demonstrate the application of methods and tools and literature, of course, and so on and so forth.

02:24So, besides facilitating access of SDS resources...

02:28...we also want to establish a standard terminology within the SDS community and promote semantic clarity.

02:37We talked about, you know, the importance of clear communication just earlier on in earlier presentations.

02:45And, therefore, help improve the quality of design and decision making.

02:51So those are our objectives.

02:53And the approach we took is to develop...use ontologies to organize everything.

03:01So basically, ontologies act as the organization or glue for all this SDS-related concepts...

03:08...which are organized into hierarchies and graphs, however you want to call them...

03:14...and each concept is defined with the name, synonyms, and so on, and a description in natural language...

03:21...plus a set of formally defined attributes and a set of formally defined relations to other concepts...

03:29...and you will see what I mean by that in a little bit.

03:31So, doing this, we will be able to help the user find the relevant information for their specific design and decision problems.

03:42So, here is, okay, a little movie we made to show...oops...can we go back, okay, thank you.

03:58Okay. So this is our knowledge portal.

04:08Here we are just showing some, oh, I'm sorry, I think the button means different things on this machine.

04:18Okay. Alright. Let's start again.

04:22So entering decision support portal, first we will show you relevant fields of study where we have drawn our knowledge from.

04:32You have seen some, you know, PPGIS, PGIS, and all those familiar terms.

04:36We also have a small ontology for designing decision problem types.

04:40Those are flashing by that this...problem types, network design and transportation routing design...

04:47...and location-allocation and so on and so forth.

04:51And all decision problems exist in some kind of a decision context, institutional, legal, social, cultural, and so on and so forth.

05:01And we also have decision process workflows.

05:05We have collected several templates, NEPA planning process, for example, urban planning process, phases and steps...

05:13...and we have...each phase of decision process actually have substeps like stakeholder engagement...

05:21...and you can use different set, kind of a method during that step, and this is different phase, here's a design phase.

05:30Concept design, for example, sketching, or you use automated optimization methods that generate solutions in some case...

05:39...and after you have all your design alternatives, you are in the choice phase where you do your impact analysis and there...

05:46...you use forecasting method to do that.

05:49And also you rank your alternatives and there are methods to do that, for example, MCDA methods.

05:57And there are tools implementing various methods, and here is one, EMDS, one of the tools...

06:04...and here are the set of formal parameters we use to define a particular tool.

06:10And the tools are also related to...hooked up with case studies.

06:15So this is a case study where this particular tool is used.

06:22Sorry, this goes very fast here and...

06:26And then methods, here is just that we have collected I think it's about a hundred decision support-related methods...

06:36...and then they are grouped in a sort of a taxonomy group decision, group consensus methods including Delphi process...

06:44...and so on and multicriteria decision analysis methods, and you don't really have to read it.

06:51It's so hard. The words just flashing by real fast.

06:54Here just to show the amount of information that's contained in this portal, especially in this method area.

07:03And this is one of the MCDA methods there and uncertainty method is another group of methods that we collected.

07:14And there is sensitivity analysis, different types.

07:19And technology, of course, we'll see tools.

07:22We have already seen one.

07:25And then we have also information about data sources, web links where you can go...

07:30...where there are good collection of data sources and different models.

07:35Carl talked about process models.

07:37These are those.

07:39And data models as well.

07:40For example, this building data model that's on Esri website.

07:47And we also have other, you know, concepts about people, participation, and so on.

07:56And here's a whole list of tools.

07:58We don't really have a whole bunch of tools, but each tool is coded in such way such that you can select, search for them...

08:08...using a set of criteria.

08:10For example, for urban planning and you are looking for tools for ranking your alternatives, and here are the three tools that came back.

08:20And similarly, data sources with case studies are organized that way.

08:26And we have a large amount of reference, over 600 or so, literature pieces collected.

08:34And there is your glossary as well.

08:38Okay, so that's what's, very quickly, what's contained in our SDS ontology and knowledge portal.

08:48And, so, several months ago we started to expand our ontology to cover the relevant concepts in geodesign.

08:58In fact, a lot of them overlap.

09:01A lot of you have seen applies in the geodesign context.

09:05But we did add more design-focused concepts to it.

09:11So here is, let's see, objectives are the same while we are doing this.

09:18And also we want to serve different users of different application domains, people in planning...

09:26...urban planning versus people in natural resource management.

09:30And we want...they speak different vocabulary sometimes and different ways of naming things, for example...

09:36...different focus on different concepts, and we want to accommodate that.

09:42The content in the geodesign knowledge portal still is under development, but they include taxonomy of design problem types...

09:52...and geodesign process workflows and steps, strategies, methods, and so on.

09:58Very similar to what we did for SDS.

10:01In fact, we were able to use large, basically a huge percent, amount of what we have in SDS ontologies.

10:11So, here is a very short movie. Okay, go back, please.

10:27Could we play the movie, start here? Okay.

10:31Well, sorry about that. Okay.

10:36Oh, there you go.

10:37Okay. So it has a different way of organizing things.

10:41The portal is designed differently, but the concept is the same.

10:45So here's Carl Steinitz's land change model.

10:49The change model phase and which it corresponds to a design phase where you have different approaches for...

11:00...methods and approaches for doing a design that Carl just earlier mentioned.

11:05And also, we talk about interactive concept design, creation, and refinement with on-the-fly constraint checking...

11:14...performance checking, impact analysis, and so on and so forth.

11:18And here with this new portal design, we do have a graphical browsing capability.

11:24So, from...you can browse to a different concept just by clicking on a different node.

11:32And, again, there are other, you know, methods, tools, and models, data models, data sources, and case studies as well.

11:44A lot of them are, in fact, the SDS case studies which apply equally well in the geodesign context.

11:52The ontology, you can see them, expand them out, or not see them by clicking them back.

12:02Okay, and the concepts glossary is still here.

12:07We added a more, like I said earlier, design-focused concepts.

12:12And if you think this is so very similar, in fact, you can switch views between the geodesign and SDS.

12:19And if you are focused on one domain more than the other in your research area, so here is the SDS portal, the new face.

12:29It is very similar setup, in fact, the same mechanism working...organization mechanism behind the scene here.

12:38So, that's very quickly, basically it.

12:44Just so you know, we don't just do semantic analysis or organization or informations.

12:50We do do a lot of real-world projects like all of you at Redlands Institute.

12:56At University of Redlands, we do works on endangered species, preservation, water resource management.

13:05Now we're getting into land-use management, planning, and so on and so forth.

13:10And we find that our work is informed by the knowledge and information collected in the portal...

13:17...and especially in designing our own planning process, what methods to choose, and so on, so we benefit from the portal.

13:28So that's all. Thank you very much.

13:37Excellent. Thank you very much.