00:02Thank you, Jack. I must talk really about something we really haven't spent much time talking about here...

00:07...which is the vertical design world, the architectural design parameter...

00:12...and we're going to start by talking about what that world is today.

00:17The vertical design process, that is the practice of architecture, is very much constrained.

00:21Constrained by law, constrained by precedent in the industry, obviously a very old industry.

00:27And in terms of the constraints in law, for instance many of you are from Massachusetts.

00:33Massachusetts allows in their state law, a design/bid/build projects, design build projects, CM at risk projects.

00:41All a number of different integrated delivery methods...

00:44...for owners to acquire buildings from the design and construction community.

00:50The state of Ohio, I live in Ohio, does, only allows one of those methods, the design/bid/build world.

00:56Now if any of you are Mark Twain scholars, you know that Mark Twain said if the world's going to come to an end...

01:03...I want to be in Cincinnati because it will happen 20 years later there than anywhere else.

01:14It may be more than 20 years in the case of this scenario.

01:19But, be that as it may, that whole issue, as funny as that seems, that whole issue is one of the most important issues...

01:28...when we're talking about something like how do we implement a GeoDesign process...

01:33...in the world that architects live in, because the world that architects live in is not at all uniform and those issues...

01:39...those issues of integrated delivery methods really define in many ways what the processes are...

01:45...what the business processes are...

01:46...and then those business processes define or constrain what can be done in terms of a GeoDesign process.

01:53So, that, with that as a starting point, moving on to the technical side of the arena, there's a technology called BIM.

01:59I'm sure everybody here knows that BIM is building information modeling, and BIM is the tool of choice for vertical design.

02:07Now having said that, that doesn't mean all designs that are being done for buildings today are BIM.

02:13Probably only about half of them are today by the various practitioners in the industry.

02:18That's going to change and it's changing very quickly.

02:21Within a few years that number will rise to a large majority of buildings...

02:25...but BIM is the technology we're talking about because it's the technology of the future for sure.

02:31And the BIM community, which is a community that was originally really a series of software vendors...

02:37...developed a series of standards to allow information between their various products to communicate...

02:44...and that standard is known as industry foundation classes.

02:48It is becoming an ISO standard.

02:50It is an extremely rich and extremely verbose standard.

02:53It defines everything having to do with the physical characteristics of the building, the spaces of the buildings...

02:59...the connectivity of all those elements, the things like schedules, costs, actors...

03:08...almost all of the things that you can think about that relate to a building...

03:12...in the way it is built and operated are contained within the IFC standard.

03:17That makes the standard incredibly big and rich and verbose, so much so that almost nobody can actually handle it.

03:25So it creates its own problem by being so rich.

03:28It's a very different approach than the GIS community has taken...

03:32...the GIS community has said, "Here are some basic elements, and you as the developer of your GIS...

03:38...you go out and use those elements to develop a structure any way you want."

03:41It's incredibly open ended as opposed to the BIM community, which said...

03:45..."We're going to build a closed-end standard that defines everything."

03:50The advantage of the closed-end standard is that means when we want to trade data back and forth...

03:54...all those things will be known and defined.

03:57So, if I'm a developer of a software product for BIM design...

04:02...I can be confident that the software products that do quantity takeoff, that do 4D schedule, 4D and 5D scheduling...

04:11...that do a myriad of things, energy analysis...

04:14...all those products will be able to take my data and use it and give me back the results that I want...

04:19...because we've already agreed on the data interchange, down to a very, very discrete level.

04:24So again, BIM community has taken one direction, the GIS community has taken a different direction...

04:29...and both directions work and both directions are appropriate for the communities.

04:36The GIS community has developed a nominal design standard in effect for interior facility, for buildings for facilities...

04:43...and it's called the Building and Informa...Building and Interior Spaces Data Model.

04:48That project, that work, has now been published and it's out on the Esri Web site.

04:53So those are the, that's the starting point.

04:57When we talk about what do we want to do in terms of GeoDesign with BIM and GIS...

05:01...we step, we try to step back and talk about what are the use cases.

05:05And there are many use cases in the idea lab that I chair.

05:11That group met yesterday and, of course, we're meeting today, and we started talking about some of these things.

05:15I worked up this slide long before that group met...

05:17...so that group has taken this largely beyond where I started when we started thinking about this...

05:25...but some of the basic use cases, to view the BIM, or view the model in the context of the surrounding facilities...

05:32...so if you look at the middle graphic over on the right, that is, I think that's downtown Cleveland.

05:39That's data taken from LIDAR, captured electronically, and morphed into 3D models.

05:46If I'm going to place a new building somewhere in downtown Cleveland, then I want to know what's around me...

05:53...how's it going to impact those buildings, what am I going to be able to see?

05:56The graphic below that is a graphic of some viewsheds from various locations in downtown Cleveland.

06:02And if I’m going to, again, if I'm going to have to place a new 50-story building in downtown Cleveland...

06:07...I'm not sure how I'm going to get the money to do that, but let's assume I could.

06:12Then I want to know how those viewsheds are going to be impacted by that new building.

06:17So viewing those, analyzing those impacts of the surroundings is probably the key...

06:25...or one of the key use cases for integrating BIM in GIS.

06:29Another use case is a use case to hand over the BIM at the end of the design and construction process to the owner...

06:37...for facility management, and that's what the BISDA model largely deals with...

06:42...is the facility at the end of the design and construction process.

06:45The owner is going to absorb that information into their GIS so they can maintain that facility over its life cycle...

06:50...and then there are many other use cases.

06:54So what are some of the integration issues if we use those use cases as our premise, what are some of the integration issues?

07:00Well first is that a BIM model is much, much richer in detail than a GIS database.

07:08The BIM model will include everything from the screws necessary to hold the joist to a column.

07:16And together, those things, that level of detail is much, much higher than you want in your GIS.

07:22The BIM...contains all the information needed to construct a building...

07:28...but not the information necessary to manage it.

07:31There's a bunch of information that relates to the management that is supplied by a standard called COBIE...

07:36...which is another emerging standard coming out of the BIM field.

07:41COBIE was developed by NASA and the Corps of Engineers...

07:45...and it involves adding data at the planning stage, the design stage, and the construction stage...

07:50...so that together, all that information is available to the building owner.

07:55And that, the data is structured much like the data in the BISDA model, includes facility information...

08:01...floor information, space information, and so on.

08:05And if we're really going to put together a BIM world and a GIS world, we need to look at COBIE as a part of that equation...

08:12...not just the BIM data out of the bottle, the BIM model, but the data out of COBIE.

08:16Together those things can form the information necessary for the GIS...

08:21...but then we've got to pull a subset out of that because in our GIS all we want is the subset.

08:26But, there are some real constraints.

08:28Exports from IFC are very problematic. There are really no tools to migrate the COBIE data into GIS right now.

08:37And frankly, much of that data doesn't even belong in the GIS, so we've got a lot of sorting out to do.

08:42In addition to that, we've got the whole issue of, if we're going to take GIS and move it to BIM, really it's a whole 'nother topic.

08:50We've got to define those use cases, we've got to define the model constraint...

08:54...and we've got to look at what the tool, what tools we have to do that.

08:58So, thank you.