00:03So the goals of this workshop are to kind of cover the overall concept of time and time in a GIS system.

00:10And this will be a few slides, real brief at the beginning, just a kind of a primer on time as it would relate to a map.

00:18And then we're going to talk about specific functionality for managing temporal information.

00:22And this will cover some of the mapping system and the controls and how you would work with it...

00:28...from a...a usage standpoint of, say, using ArcMap or ArcGlobe or parts of the ArcGIS system.

00:36We're going to look into data visualization.

00:39And I apologize that data visualization is what I just described.

00:42The managing temporalation...managing temporal information is actually data management and not the mapping system.

00:49And then we're going to cover a little bit about sharing as well.

00:54So the first section here on time and GIS.

00:59These concepts are really to explain some of the different ways to measure and model time.

01:05And look at some of the common patterns or some of the common types of temporal GIS outputs.

01:12So the first thing that we would need to understand when we're dealing with time is the basis of time.

01:18And inside of any computerized system, that basis of time is something that's based on a Gregorian calendar.

01:25So if any of you have dealt with this, you're aware of some of these issues.

01:30And as a programmer or a developer, you can't just write a simple thing and say, Add 365 days to add a new year to a, to a date.

01:39'Cause there's these complex rules.

01:42And so that actually matters.

01:43Our calendars are not based on a metric system, they're based on astrological definitions technically.

01:49So we can't add 31 days to compute a month.

01:53Weeks and months are not aligned evenly.

01:55I've got a little picture here where Friday is, or Saturday is the first day of the next month, and the month started on a Thursday.

02:02And it's complex; it's kind of a problem.

02:05So the reason I bring this out...

02:06Why does this matter, is that in working with time in a computing system...

02:12...you really need to use that system's guidelines and that system's functionality to do that computation for you.

02:20And so we've tried to provide in ArcGIS the tools that will allow you to do these time offsets and calculations.

02:28We do it in behind the scenes when we work with different forms of data...

02:32...so that you don’t really need to know all of these rules and work with these complexities.

02:36There are other types of time systems that we work with as well from a GIS perspective that are really not calendar based.

02:43And some of these are things that we would call indexed time...

02:47...where we may have an evenly gridded kind of sequence of events from a modeling perspective, scientific research perspective.

02:58And these oftentimes don't represent a time stamp, which is year, month, day, hour, minute, second...

03:04...but maybe it's just a, a number on a number line.

03:07It's very introval...interval based.

03:10And equivalent to that is something that is what we'd call kind of an epic time or really an epic event.

03:17But it's similar to that one I just showed you of a number line, except the zero point is a place that we know of.

03:24So if any of you have done work on a UNIX system and you've seen a log file with a UNIX or Linux type time stamp...

03:33...they just have bas...they've been counting the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, at midnight.

03:39And they use an internal number that evolves like that.

03:42So this is an example of a, an integer-based or sequence-based numeric value.

03:49And we can actually work with that if you have features in a geodatabase or you have some features that you don't have time stamps...

03:56...but you know the interval and the offset between them, we can actually work with that in ArcGIS.

04:02However, you know, we make some recommendations to avoid doing a lot of this calculations based on these big integers.

04:10The recommendation is to really store your temporal data as a date type.

04:15And that's kind of one of the things we'll talk about in that temporal data management...

04:19...is converting and using the system tools to convert from all of these formats into an actual date object.

04:25That date object type is part of the geodatabase.

04:29There are date types in all of the underlying relational database systems, and even into the operating systems.

04:35Or if you're working between Java or .NET, they have that date object.

04:40And that date object is actually going to make it easier for migrating data across systems or to do certain operations.

04:48So it's always a recommendation if possible, to store that temporal data into that date type.

04:56Some additional properties of time that are obvious and...and things that would make sense when you think about it but just...

05:03The fact that time is always linear.

05:05We don't have this like, where there's holes in time like you might in...in a spatial context, with projections and so on.

05:14Time tends to be very unidirectional.

05:18And that's a no-brainer, but it...you have to think that way.

05:22As we move through time, as we're updating the display...

05:25...things that are current are always replacing or adding to or overlapping things that, that came before.

05:33And there's also kind of a cyclical nature about time.

05:35And this kind of relates back to that concept of using those interval and regular sequenced time values...

05:45...that you might have with some of your more scientific data.

05:50So again, a real obvious kind of case, any of you that saw the plenary session on Monday...

05:57...saw some of the time functionality demoed very briefly.

06:01You might have seen this oil spill being mapped in conjunction with some other temporal sources.

06:09And...and this answers the question, why do we want to visualize data through time?

06:13Because it actually adds value, it actually lets us see something that we couldn't see by just say, printing these all out in a Layout tab.

06:21This actually lets us see the evolution or the dynamic change of some features.

06:28There're a couple of different types and the one that many of us are most familiar with is...

06:34...what we would call a dynamic type of...of feature.

06:38So it's a dynamic pattern, and these are things that move.

06:42And so anything from a moving vehicle or...or a vessel or an aircraft to potential...

06:50...you know, satellites in motion, animals that we might be tracking.

06:54Things like that.

06:55This is what we would call a dynamic GIS map.

07:00A similar one is something we would call a discrete, more of a discrete event.

07:04So a crime event, or an accident, something like that.

07:09And these are not necessarily going to evolve, or have multiple occurrences.

07:15It's more often just a single event versus the dynamic is really something that we're keeping track of as it moves...

07:23...so there will be multiple observations of the dynamic where the event.

07:27They may all be uniquely represented in your feature class, or in your data.

07:32The stationary pattern is another one where we actually look at that as a model where something exists at a known location.

07:41So a weather sensor or a traffic sensor.

07:44And from that known location, we might get regular or periodic samples of only part of what you would see in that feature.

07:52And so there are times where this leads to, and we'll talk a little bit about a data model where we know the location...

07:59...but the time value is with the observed attributes that go with that.

08:05And the last one is the, is kind of a change or growth pattern.

08:10And unlike the other three, this is usually never really an instant in time.

08:14It's usually more of a duration in time.

08:17So fire perimeters are a perfect example because fire perimeters are sampled maybe every 12 hours or something.

08:24And we see an evolving polygon that's growing as the fire is moving.

08:29Or the population or distribution or...or statistical heat map type of output.

08:34Those are all things that are a change or growth pattern and they represent a window in time or...or a time duration.

08:44In addition to these, these GIS patterns, the temporal visualization function brings different types of integration.

08:53So what are the, the different, I guess, resulting data models...

08:57...or external systems that might be contributing information into this system.

09:03And so some of the patterns that we've seen quite a bit of are real-time sensor networks.

09:09And we've lumped together moving objects and stationary sensors in kind of the same thing.

09:16But this is like that dynamic GIS pattern in a way of...

09:20...of events that are happening as vehicles are moving, or as sensors are updating.

09:24Another one is that simulation and modeling, which, it kind of calls back to that interval and gridded-based results...

09:32...where we might be producing a complex result of years of research, in weather and meteorology-type research, for an example.

09:41And that is also in parallel with what we call multidimensional data, is one of the types of data.

09:47So there's a number of ways to bring together, geographically speaking...

09:51...all of these different external sources of temporal information.

09:56So here's what, you know, everybody's been wanting to see, is this is now built into ArcGIS.

10:00We can handle all of this, it's part of ArcInfo, ArcView, ArcEditor.

10:06It's part of ArcGlobe, it's part of ArcMap, it's part of the server, the desktop product.

10:10It's there, but how do we use it?

10:12Well, we've built in this very simple temporal mapping system.

10:15And anybody here not know how to pan or zoom?

10:18Okay, I didn't think so.

10:19All right, you will not also know how to, you know, use the Time Slider.

10:24It's just like that. Moving the Time Slider is like panning through time.

10:28And it's going to take you from one range of time to another.

10:32So we've built this experience to be built into the product.

10:35There's...this kind of describes the whole thing, but in the lower right is, there's a Time tab on your Layer Properties.

10:41You open the Layer Properties and you enable time.

10:43We're going to see a demo of this in just maybe two minutes here.

10:47But once you've set up these properties, the Time Slider is functional and available.

10:51And that is something through, like I said, Desktop and Server.

10:58So the overall goal of this is to provide the temporal capabilities like you have with spatial...

11:05...to provide that panning through time or to kind of change that scale on time if we want to make an analogy to the zoom.

11:12And to provide that like I just went through on the last, I just described.

11:16But it works the same in these products and is part of the whole experience.

11:21So we're going to actually come up here and Hardeep's going to do a demonstration for us.

11:28All right, thank you, David.

11:31In this demo, we are...I'm...I'm going to focus on the simple...

11:35...up there, or not?

11:37Let's try this...

11:41My bad.

11:42Okay.

11:43So what we'll focus on in this demo is some simplified temporal mapping capabilities which we've exposed.

11:49David's already talked about those.

11:52What I have here is the Gulf of Mexico oil spill data, and this...

11:57...these are actually the trajectories over time and how the oil...oil was projected to follow certain directions.

12:05So this is data which we logged from NOAA.

12:08And if I open up the attribute table for the oil trajectory data, you'll notice that for each polygon...

12:16...or each oil trajectory polygon, I have a time stamp associated with it.

12:21And this is stored...this information, or the time information is stored in a date field.

12:26So if I open up its properties, you'll notice that this is the type-date field, right?

12:33So using this information, what I can simply do is I can set the, or configure the time properties on the layer itself.

12:40So in order to do that, I'll open up the Layer Properties, and new at ArcGIS 10 is the Time tab, right?

12:48Here, I can enable time on this layer.

12:51What this means is that now the layer will participate in the map time, which is controlled by the Time Slider.

12:56We'll take a look at the slider in a bit.

12:58And after that, I need to configure some of the time properties.

13:02So in this case, my layer time is stored so that each feature has a single time field, right.

13:09So all single time field, which had the time stamps associated with the polygons.

13:14So I choose that field.

13:16In this case, we autopopulate the...the date...the time field for you.

13:21Or you can also pick another time field, like if you have your time stamps in other field.

13:27Then you can specify the field format, which in this case, it's the daytime, so we automatically pick that up.

13:32If you have a string or numeric field format, we also support those.

13:37Then I can specify the time step interval.

13:40In this case, my data was collected on a daily basis, so I'll simply use one day.

13:45And let's hit OK here.

13:49And the moment I did that, we have the Time Slider window icon on the Tools toolbar.

13:54[Inaudible] We just drag and drop it right here.

13:57This is a new icon, or a new tool, in ArcGIS 10.

14:01So I click this, and it's going to bring up the Time Slider window.

14:05Let's move this guy back.

14:07And now, if you look closely, as soon as I enable time on the map, this is the leftmost button on the slider.

14:14You'll see my data is now reflective of the oil trajectory on second of May.

14:21Now if I move my slider back and forth, I can visualize my data over time.

14:31Now, a simple Time Slider option here is, now I can open up the Time Slider options to configure the Time Slider.

14:39So let's open up the Time Slider options dialog.

14:42And on the Playback tab, I can refresh the display when dragging the Time Slider interactively.

14:47So I'll choose that.

14:49And now if I move my slider back and forth, it's going to update automatically, or interactively.

14:57The key here is, why do we have it turned off by default is like if you have large amounts of data...

15:02...and if you try to move the slider, it might choke on you.

15:05So it's kind of, for...for lighter datasets, it works perfectly fine.

15:13Okay? So once you've configured your time properties on the layer, I use the simple Time Slider to visualize my data.

15:19The other thing I can do here is I can actually serve this time-aware layer to a map service.

15:25The way I can do that is simply using the...the workflow for serving out data.

15:31So I have this document which I already created, and I can right-click Publish to ArcGIS Server.

15:36In this case, I'll name this to be Oil Spill and hit Finish.

15:45And once I have it served out...this is a time-aware service now...

15:49...which means that besides the spatial extent, we're also providing the time information.

15:54So the time extent is also persisted with the map service.

15:58So once I publish it, I can then use it in a Web client.

16:02So I've already created a Web page, which...was...I'm using...

16:08I need to do something here, I guess.

16:16Let's try it again.

16:19Yes, so I'm picking it up.

16:26Let me show you another Web page that's again the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and this is, in fact, on Esri's Web site.

16:34Ah, there it is. Finally.

16:37It took some time for some reason.

16:41So let's go back to my example here.

16:43Once I've published it, I can consume it on a Web client.

16:45This is JavaScript application I wrote.

16:48And the Time Slider here is also provided with the JavaScript API.

16:53Also you can use the Flex API or the Silverlight API to construct such a Web page.

16:59So the idea here is that once I've published or authored my layer...

17:03...I can then share it with my colleagues or with the entire GIS community.

17:08So that's what I wanted to show in the first demo.

17:14So we're going to move on and...and spend a little time talking about managing temporal information.

17:19As you saw, we had this nice set of data which was these trajectories of...of the projected oil spill area.

17:27What happens if the data's not quite as perfect, or the field isn't in the format we want...

17:32...or the fields are distributed in the wrong fashion?

17:35So we're actually...that's part of what we're wanting to emphasize for ArcGIS 10, is having the data in the right fashion.

17:44Similar to how you might adjust other properties of data spatially to make it fit your overall output.

17:54So we're thinking from a data modeling standpoint of different uses of temporal data.

18:00And I, I called back to this just a little bit ago.

18:03I mentioned time instant, or that, that duration or time extent.

18:07The instant is that one point in time.

18:11And we call that either a sample from a continuous flow of data...

18:16...so when you read water levels from a stream, it's obviously a sample at that instant.

18:23An observation or an event, they're all kind of analogous, so even moving vehicles...

18:28...you know the vehicle's constantly moving...

18:29...but you get that update once a minute that is kind of an instant or an observation.

18:34The extent is a time span, and so we, we think of those as a duration or if it's an interval, at times, if it's an even interval...

18:44...say every hour, you can make the assumption that between those intervals, there's a duration that's implied.

18:51If it's a very regular set of data.

18:54So that is the...the extent.

18:57There is also some less common, or maybe we should say very esoteric use cases, such as time in the attribute value.

19:07Where you may have features that have really no use of time in the mapping system, but have this validity time or time is valid.

19:17And that's kind of the same as transactional time except that's more from a database management standpoint.

19:23And it still is important because, from a query definition standpoint, or possibly from a symbolization standpoint...

19:30...you might use those time windows to affect your map output...

19:33...but those are not driven by the Time Slider and the temporal map.

19:37Those are things that you would define in your query or in your data adaptation layer, such as your SQL view.

19:43So these are the kind of overall uses of that temporal data.

19:47We're going to focus on the time instant and time extent entirely in, in these demos today.

19:57I mentioned a little bit ago about we recommend using the Date field when we were looking at the other integer and epic numeric types.

20:08One of the reasons to use that date type is, I guess, in comparison to string values, is that the date type is quite a bit faster.

20:17There are reasons why you might use a string, and actually...

20:21...spell out in there M-A-R-C-H, comma, you know, 2, 1, whatever...I want March 21.

20:27There are reasons you might want to put a string value in there.

20:31But it's so much slower and it adds a number of difficulties, at least from the mapping and data handling system...

20:38...because we are converting to that date type.

20:40So we're going to recommend as much as possible to convert into that date type.

20:45And plus, in the geodatabase, you can put an index on that date type...

20:49...and your underlying data storage mechanism will be able to give you those time windows much quicker...

20:54...especially when you're doing Web server-based queries...

20:57...so that JavaScript API, when we click Next, and we get each day's oil trajectory...

21:04...the server asks for that one-day time window, and because we have an index on the data, it can return that result very quickly.

21:10Well, for the oil trajectory, not so important, but if you're dealing with a few hundred thousand records, it becomes very important.

21:20Since I mentioned the...the format, such as numeric and string formats, I'm going to go into detail here on this.

21:27Numeric format is exactly what they look like, except as an integer...

21:32...so if you have an integer in a database that...that is just four digits, you can actually use that as a year.

21:39Or you can actually string together year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds.

21:44The database thinks of it as a number.

21:46You could actually do math on those, it just wouldn't mean anything.

21:50So that is one way that we support...and the string formats are similar, except like I mentioned...

21:55...these can have dashes and colons and spaces and commas and on your different format specifiers in the string.

22:01The very important point here is that we support these supported sortable formats.

22:07So I have a couple examples here, and I've put some green and orange letters.

22:11If any of you can't really see the colors in the back of the room, come up and I'll explain this later.

22:16But in this string, if I had 2009, 06, 30, greater than 2008, 08, 30, that's true because the year is the most dominant.

22:25The year is on the left side, so in that database sorting algorithm, that would be true.

22:30If I put month, day, year, with the same date values, it would look as if June is greater than August, which will fail.

22:40So we have to just stick with sortable formats for speed and performance...

22:43...so if you're working with string and numeric types...

22:46...you go on the Time tab, and you say I've got string, and you hit that drop-down...

22:49...and then you panic, because you don't have month, day, year.

22:52We have tools that allow you to convert that when you import the data.

22:56But in the properties from the map system, and on the Layer Properties, it has to be in one of these formats.

23:02Additionally, named month strings are just a really bad idea.

23:05Which is first, the D or the F?

23:08You know, alphabetically speaking, April, August, December, February, et cetera, so stick with the types that are supported.

23:16And I'm going to actually jump out real quick just to show...

23:21...as many of you might be having a lot of questions about this at this point.

23:25This is a quick jump over to the online help system for ArcGIS 10.

23:31Has anybody here looked at, on our Resource Center, for the ArcGIS 10 help?

23:36Anybody here surfed through any of this area?

23:38Okay, we've got like five or six people here...

23:40I'm going to show you where you would go here.

23:44In the Professional Library, under Mapping and Visualization, you will be very glad to see there's a whole section on time.

23:53And quite a bit of what we're showing today is represented in some of the topics here on time.

23:59The Temporal data management is a whole section.

24:01Visualizing temporal data, serving time-aware layers, it's all covered.

24:05We've got some good examples in here.

24:09And all of these string formats that we were talking about earlier are also listed in here as well.

24:19So if you ever have a question on any of this, this is all available online. It's all covered.

24:33So I just mentioned, you know, what if your time is not in one of those formats?

24:36Well, there's a geoprocessing tool that's called Convert Time Field.

24:41It does understand all of these other formats because it's actually running a batch processing, converting that...

24:48...and bringing it into that geodatabase as the right format for the mapping system.

24:52So we can convert out of order month, day, year.

24:55We can do these custom string formats with the word March and the number 21, for example.

25:01So in the, in the screen shot, we have here the middle attribute is something called Input Time.

25:06And we've run it through this tool to create the date format object and the output time.

25:12It's very simple, and it does exactly what it says.

25:16So what types of layers in this system, what types of, of ArcGIS functionality is supported by this time system?

25:25And it's actually almost all of it.

25:27As you would expect, feature layers, data tables, the mosaic datasets, which supported the multidimensional data...

25:35...such as netCDF, tracking layers, network layers, types of imagery, everything with some very limited exceptions.

25:41There're one or two, a handful of things, possibly like the old labeling...

25:48...annotation things, and schematics and things like that.

25:51Yeah.

25:52But with, for, as a general rule, when we put time into ArcGIS at 10, it was in the basemap object.

26:00Anything that goes onto a map or into the table of contents, you will at least see the option to enable the Time tab...

26:06...and unless that check box is grayed out, and then there's a few exceptions that don't support...

26:12...but if you have time stamp data on features, more likely than not, or I should say 99.99% chance...

26:19...you can enable the Time tab, choose a format, and this system will work.

26:25So this is an...and Hardeep showed this.

26:28I could almost skip right past this, but he showed this in his polygons, in the attribute table.

26:34But here's the example of, in this case, two different features, and three different time stamps each.

26:40So this introduces in your attribute table, duplicates of that feature ID.

26:47So you will see this, where you might have multiple features in an attribute table the same ID...

26:54...but combined with the time stamp is what makes them unique.

26:58And so our system handles all of that automatically.

27:01This type of data, this, I'd say unnormalized, or all fused together in one record set...

27:10...is the real common one for that first use case of dynamic...

27:13...where you're getting multiple observations of an object that you're following and tracking its progress.

27:18But I mentioned a little bit about that weather station...

27:21...or that center network example where we know the location of something...

27:25...but we're getting just attributes of some values and some observations.

27:30So if you have that situation where you have a one-to-many or one-to-one join combination...

27:36...there is a geoprocessing tool called Make Query Table.

27:39It performs this in-memory join.

27:42And when you run that, you're left with that joined table for you to then turn on and enable the time properties...

27:49...and it will work with the Time Slider just like a regular feature class would.

27:54So in this example, our station feature class, we have station 43, and you can see we're getting temperatures on a...

28:05...this looks like a yearly basis where we're getting a temperature for the first day of each year.

28:10And so we can join that.

28:11In a real-world example, it's quite a large number of stations, and maybe millions of observations.

28:16But you could still do that join.

28:17You can still use that output.

28:19Enable time on the Time tab and it will work.

28:25When I mentioned the time duration, or the time extent model...

28:30...one of the things that Hardeep showed as well in the user interface was the option of does each feature have one time field.

28:38Do we just represent the instant that it was observed, or do we have a starting and ending time field for each feature?

28:44If you have a time span of two fields, there are times where we want to populate that in time fields, so we've got a tool...

28:52This tool was actually here from 9.2 on as part of the Animation tools.

28:57We fixed it up and improved it a little bit.

28:59But what it does is it reads row number 2 start time and populates row number 1 and a time.

29:04So if you have irregular data, that has nonregular intervals, you might have a few records that were 10-minute samples...

29:12...and then maybe a 12-hour window and then more 3-minute samples and so on.

29:16You could run this tool and create those different length, durational end times.

29:21And then you could, of course, manually adjust them.

29:24And by enabling on the layer, a start and end time per feature, enables you some more advanced type things...

29:31...such as gaps between your feature's times...

29:34...or possible overlaps where the next feature might start before the previous one ends.

29:39It's all supported. It's all part of that system.

29:42But this tool will create and populate that empty End time attribute...

29:46...based on the next record start time to give you a duration from irregular observations.

29:54Another type of data that's supported is the mosaic dataset.

29:58Raster catalogs...actually I'm going to have Hardeep explain this one real quick.

30:02Okay, in terms of mosaic datasets and raster catalogs, what we, what we have is a similar support as feature layers...

30:11...so there's an attribute table associated with a raster catalog and a mosaic dataset.

30:17Now all we need there is that each raster is valid at a certain time, so you can have a time instant associated with a raster.

30:24So it's...it's basically as simple as that.

30:28And the other thing, something very commonly used, or the use case for raster catalogs or mosaic datasets is that...

30:35...you want to use an index field when you just want to go through the rasters in an order.

30:41So you can use that as well.

30:43So the ObjectID, for example, could be used there as an index field.

30:48Okay, so I'm going to look at the next case, which is What if time is stored in columns...

30:55...and my graphic has gone missing here so....

30:58I'm going to do a lot of hand waving and explain this, or I'll try and fix the graphic later.

31:04There are types of data where you might have a feature.

31:06It's similar to the join situation where you have a stationary feature with successive samples.

31:13The Census data would be an example, or we have a feature which is a state, you know, a state of California boundary.

31:20And then there's columns for the 1990 population, the 2000 population, the 2010 population.

31:26What this tool will do is actually, I guess, denormalize that and create successive feature records...

31:33...with one time attribute column and then populate the time stamp accordingly.

31:40So it essentially gives you a more properly formatted table...

31:46...with each feature having an individual time stamp instead of those multiple columns.

31:51I guess the key here is that, you know, the ArcGIS framework would understand data which is stored in records rather than columns.

31:59Transpose Time Fields? As...

32:01Transpose Fields. Transpose Fields.

32:05Yeah.

32:08It was Transpose Time Fields from 9.2 on; it is now just Transpose Fields as of 10.

32:14And I can actually do this across more than just time fields, is one of the things that we did with it.

32:20We've talked a little bit about netCDF data and I need to just take a quick survey.

32:24Is anybody here working or has worked with netCDF data? Okay.

32:28For those that haven't, netCDF data is a storage format, operational storage format for scientific model-type data systems.

32:38It is similar to a Fortran array so it's, it's, it's very basic...

32:45I guess you would think of it as a Fortran array, but it's really an array of arrays and an array of that array of arrays.

32:53As many dimensions as you have.

32:55So when we talk about regular data, this is one of these formats that really implies regular data.

33:00Because you think of a cube, and if it's three times three times three...

33:03...there's definitely nine values that are stored in that array...

33:07...but as the dimensions grow, and the size of the, of these dimension grows, it becomes a very large numeric storage system.

33:15Well, what we have support for in ArcGIS is the ability to use these different dimensions...

33:21...and just like was available from I believe 9.0 on...

33:259.2.

33:269.2 as well? Okay.

33:28The, the netCDF support allows you to choose one of those dimensions as your time dimension.

33:35When you do that, that layer is supported in the Time tab.

33:40You can set the intervals; you can use the Time Slider.

33:42The whole system works with it as a traditional time-enabled feature layer.

33:51So here's a screen shot of the toolbox.

33:55There are different tools based on that netCDF conversion of either to a feature layer or a raster layer or to a table view.

34:05And you simply choose which dimension is your time dimension.

34:09It's in the multidimensional tools if you're looking, if you do get the netCDF file, and you're looking for these.

34:16This is actually something that's got some specific use cases with it.

34:21If you're not familiar with it, and you have more questions...

34:25...if there's any time yet today, to go to one of the Mapping and Visualization island areas, or inquire about it online.

34:32We don't actually have a sample of this today.

34:35So the last bit I'm going to talk about in Data Management is Time Zones.

34:41And I'm just going to show a couple screen shots and look at this a little bit, and then Hardeep's got a demo coming up.

34:48So ArcGIS does have support for time zones in our time handling.

34:54And our time zone support is very comprehensive.

34:58We support all of the time zones that you'll find in any operating system or development platform.

35:05So if you're looking at the time zone IDs in the Windows operating system, we can use those.

35:11If you're using Java in ArcGIS Engine, you can use the system time zone from that language or from .NET or whatever you're looking for.

35:18We have support for that.

35:20We recommend if possible to standardize on UTC, which is that Universal Coordinated Time.

35:28And let the...by standardize, I mean from the data standpoint.

35:33In, in your ingestion of data or working with sensor data, most sensor systems and...

35:38...and most, say, vehicle tracking-type systems, give out UTC anyway.

35:44It's a best practice when you're crossing multiple time zones and dealing with multiple types of sensors.

35:49But if possible, don't convert that in your database or in your feature class to a time zone but leave it a UTC.

35:55And allow the Time Slider and the properties of the map to do that conversion for you.

36:01'Cause your users might be in different time zones in their systems where their system is running...

36:07...and then the client deals with that conversion for you.

36:10Especially important when you're publishing a temporal service through ArcGIS Server to avoid a double conversion.

36:16Again, it's not a bad conversion; it's just adding or subtracting a few hours.

36:19But why do it twice?

36:21And so keep it UTC; let the client do that conversion for you.

36:25We do have a GP tool called Convert Time Zone, which is doing...

36:32That's not exactly what it's called, is it?

36:34It is Convert Time Zone.

36:35Convert Time Zone, okay.

36:36And it is doing that temporal offset.

36:39If you do get some data that's in Pacific time, and you need to actually take off the eight hours offset and convert it to UTC.

36:46There's tools that...in the GP framework for that.

36:51So some of the added value of that is daylight savings time's kind of a quagmire as well.

36:58Daylight savings time is very subjective to political disagreements.

37:04There are daylight savings times that adjust less than a one-hour offset...

37:08...so there are time zones of the world that go into daylight savings time by 30 minutes or 45 minutes.

37:15And there are evolving definitions; even three years ago, in the U.S. ...

37:20...daylight savings time started almost a whole month earlier than it ever had before.

37:25In the last, I believe, 120 years, there have been 16 different definitions of the daylight savings time boundaries.

37:32Just in the U.S. and North America.

37:35So it's a complex problem because what do you do if you're dealing with centuries of data...

37:40...and you really want that sample to be spot-on accurate to the proper month and it's you know, mid-March...

37:46...and you're not sure when it's...which year is in or out.

37:49Our recommendation is to not actually honor that daylight savings time; deal with it as standard time.

37:57But then it becomes a transformation that you need to take into account...

38:00...as you make your specific slices or as you cross these boundaries of these time zones.

38:05ArcGIS does not have a built-in map of every daylight savings time definition, of every country through time.

38:13And it probably won't. So deal with it in standard time.

38:17And I'm going to jump over here and show one quick thing...

38:20...just as an illustrative example of, of the time zone problem.

38:27This is a good old Wikipedia document.

38:31And I show this and a lot of people then just kind of shake their head, and they were never aware of this...

38:37...these types of issues...political issue with, with, with time zones...

38:42All of China is one time zone.

38:43Did anybody here know that?

38:44All of China is one time zone, and it's all Beijing time.

38:49So somebody on the western part of China gets up and goes to work and the sun comes up around noon.

38:56These kinds of things happen.

38:58If we go up and down here on one of these lines, we can look and say, like, right here...

39:05...these are a plus-five offset, goes into a plus-six, crosses into plus-eight, back to plus-five into plus-five and a half...

39:13...we haven't rotated around the globe at all.

39:16So these are the kinds of issues...

39:18There's no automatic way to kind of geocode a known point into its time zone.

39:22It's very political.

39:24There's not simple, like, 25 or 26 time zones.

39:26There's a lot of regional differences.

39:30And so...

39:31Plus, you can really see these half time zones; three and a half, four and a half.

39:35Australia has one that's a 45-minute during daylight savings time only.

39:39So it's kind of messy, and so I always just like to show that.

39:43So we're going to do a demo here.

39:46All right, so what we've seen so far in the demo is the...the oil trajectory data.

39:51Now and moving on with the same survey area, we have some other datasets such as the fishery closures...

39:58...the oil sightings on the beaches...

40:00...and I have some atmospheric data as well.

40:02So all of these have a temporal component.

40:05However, what I'm going to do here is I'm going to progress through these multiple temporal datasets and visualize these together.

40:11At the same time, and in the same way, I'm going to show you the data management tools we have.

40:17So how, how, how can you use those to your benefit now when you're dealing with temporal data visualization?

40:23So first of all, I have the fishery closures data, so if I open up a...just turn this on...

40:31...and this in fact is the fishery closure polygons, which were put in effect at different times as, as the oil spill was happening.

40:40So it was changing.

40:42We open up the attribute table here, and you'll notice that it has a start date field which is...

40:48...which actually stores the polygon time stamps.

40:52One interesting thing about this data is that it's irregular.

40:55So the first polygon was put in place on 18th of May, the second one on 28th, the third one changed on...on the 31st.

41:05So for irregular data, as David suggested, what we can do is, we can use the Calculate End Time tool.

41:11Before I do that, I'll have to create a field to which I will write my date values, or time values.

41:17So I'll just add the date field and call it End Date.

41:23You can also use the geoprocessing tool to create it in a, in a, in a model.

41:28The Add Field tool.

41:30So I'll...I'll use the Date Type here, and hit OK.

41:34And all...all of the temporal data management tools are available under Data Management toolbox.

41:41Under the Fields toolset, we have the Calculate End Time.

41:45We also have the Convert Time Field, which David mentioned.

41:49The Convert Time Zone tool is here, as well as the Transpose fields.

41:53The other way to find these tools is, go to the Search window...

41:57...this is something new in ArcGIS 10...

41:59...and I can simply type in "Calculate End Time" and search for it.

42:05And here I get my tool.

42:08Click on it, and, in this case, what I need to specify is the Input table.

42:13In this case, it's the fishery closures.

42:15The Start Time field in that data was the start date, and the end date is the one which we just added to that dataset.

42:23And I simply run the tool.

42:27And let me open up the Attribute table, here we have the end date.

42:30And essentially what it did was, it copied this particular date in the second col...second record to the first record.

42:37So now the fishery closures are in effect for the first polygon from 18th of May to the 28th of May.

42:43And likewise, the next polygon is from 28th to 31st.

42:48So how can I benefit from this is, essentially, if I enable time on this layer...

42:53...in this case, each feature does not have a single time field, it has two time fields...

42:58...which means that the polygons is valid for a certain duration and time, so I'll choose that.

43:03And I can specify the Start Time field and the End Time field.

43:08Also the field format is going to be the date format, so I don't need to do anything there.

43:12In this case, the time stamp...I'm going to choose one day...

43:15...because the time stamp actually is going...is, is one day here, because...

43:23Come to think of it, the fishery closure polygons are changing every five days...

43:27...or ten days, or two days, so that's why I chose one day here.

43:31Now I'll hit OK.

43:33And now if I move my slider all the way to the 18th, there's my first fishery closure put in place...

43:41...and as I move in time, you'll notice that the polygon is going to change.

43:46And my underlying oil...oil trajectory's also changing at the same time.

43:51Also I can play this visualization by simply hitting the Play button.

43:58[Audience question] What would have happened if you didn't use the end time?

44:01In that case, you would have seen some flashing on the screen; like it would have appeared...

44:04[Inaudible audience question]

44:05Exactly.

44:09So, the, some other Time Slider options are, I can go into the Playback...

44:14...and you can see that I can control the speed between each time stamp being displayed on the...on the screen.

44:20Also I can play in a specified duration.

44:23The other thing I can do here is I can specify the time zone information.

44:28We can talk about that in a little bit.

44:30The time stamp interval has to...

44:32If I...even if I have daily dataset, I can visualize it every five days if I want to, so it'll go to the fifth day instead.

44:40Also I have the display date format; in this case, I can choose my format, this date here, to be something different.

44:47So let's make it more legible and hit OK.

44:51So you'll notice that now the date is slightly better.

45:00Okay. The next dataset I have is the oil sightings on the beaches and the marshlands.

45:07So this is a point dataset. Let me just turn this on...

45:10And you can see these are the oil sightings; they have a time associated with it.

45:14So when our oil was sighted on a beach, they would record it and put it in a feature class.

45:20So if I open up the attribute table, you'll again notice that it has a start date right here.

45:27So these were also daily datasets, so at the end of the day, they would record that feature.

45:32This is the fishery closures, sorry.

45:35Open attribute table here...

45:37So here's the date field, actually.

45:39So it was again collected on a daily basis.

45:42The thing I wanted to show you here is something called Display the Data Cumulatively.

45:46So as the oil settings are happening, I want to display this data cumulatively to a certain point.

45:51The way you do that is you'll enable time on the layer and specify a time step of one day.

46:00But if...by the way, if I don't specify a time step interval, the system will automatically calculate it for me.

46:06So it will give us an indication, so let me do this actually.

46:09I'll do zero days here, and it's going to say like whether you want us to calculate it for you.

46:14So that's another good feature here.

46:17So I'll say Yes here, and this stuff I wanted to show you here is the Display Data Cumulatively option.

46:23Where I'll want to show a progression.

46:25So the oil was sighted on day one; there was oil sighted on day ten as well, but I want to see all this cumulatively.

46:32So if I choose this option, and hit OK...

46:35Let's go to day one.

46:36And you'll notice that we have some oil settings on second of May...

46:40...but as I progress in time, you'll notice that it's growing in...it's growing cumulatively.

46:45So all the points remain on the screen or in the display.

46:50So this is especially important like if you have something where you want to show progression...

46:54...like a fire progression, or such a progression.

46:58Now furthermore, I have the Met Stations data; this is atmospheric data, which...

47:05...for...for these particular Met Stations, so let me turn this on.

47:08This is a point feature class.

47:10And I'll turn...I'll open up the Attribute table, and here I'll show you we have the stations.

47:17So these are point locations of those stations along the Gulf Coast, or Gulf of Mexico coast I'll say.

47:23So here I have the station IDs, as well as the names of the stations.

47:28What’s missing here is the temporal data.

47:31So the data was downloaded, you know, using an...an Excel format.

47:36So I have this data, which is stored in Excel, and this is the time series associated with each station.

47:43So for each station, I have a time associated, and it's an hourly dataset, so for, if you look closely...

47:50...for the same station, I have multiple values for different times...

47:53...for the wind speed, direction, air temperature, water temperature, and the pressure reading.

47:59So I'm going to make you a multidimensional visualization geek by the time we leave here.

48:05So how do I bring this data and utilize this with my, with my temporal map?

48:12The way to do it is I can convert my Excel worksheet data into a geodatabase table.

48:18So there's a tool called Table to Table; it's on the Conversion toolbox.

48:23If I go in here, it's right here actually.

48:29This is a Table to Table tool.

48:31So I'll use that tool, and furthermore, we'll, we'll bring in the data first, and let me open up a model I already built so...

48:43...a lot is here to explain there.

48:46Ah. Doesn't look good. There you go.

48:50So we have the Table To Table tool; it brings in my Excel worksheet data into a geodatabase table.

48:56And I've already run the tool to this point.

49:01If I open up the geodatabase table, notice that we have our data, which was pulled from the Excel worksheet.

49:11So now I can use this data to perform a one-to-many join.

49:14I don't know if, if you noticed in the geodatabase view...

49:17...there were 16 weather stations, and we have here about 13,000 observations.

49:23And so that's the type of pattern where you would see this join pattern be very useful.

49:30So the other thing I'd...if you notice here is that this date format is a string format.

49:37And it's kind of a little weird but it's eerier, eerier, so this is 2010, the month of June in this case.

49:47And the first of June, 2010, and then zero, zero, zero, it's the twelfth hour or the midnight hour.

49:55And then as I progress, it's one, two, three, all the way down.

49:59So it's an hourly dataset.

50:01Now what I want to do in this case is I want to convert this data, or this time field, into a date field.

50:07The way I would do that is again, let's go back to the model.

50:12So what I'm going to use here is the Convert Time Field tool.

50:16And again, this can be found under the Data Management tools.

50:21Right here...Fields and Convert Time Field.

50:28And back to my model; let's run this tool actually.

50:34So now, what it's doing is, it's going to go through each time stamp stored in the string format...

50:38...read that format, and convert it into a date field.

50:45[Audience question] Are all these tools available with the ArcView bundle?

50:48Yes, they should be.

50:50So let me open up this tool actually; I forgot to do that.

50:53Let's see, Input Table is the format; the Input Time field.

50:57The other thing you can specify here is the Input Time format.

51:01And here are the different formats which we support.

51:03So you can have your data in different formats. This is a string format.

51:07Also, something interesting here is the Custom format.

51:10So David explained if you have your date written out as March 3, 2010...

51:15...you'd take that custom format and convert it into a date field.

51:18So something very, the given, the given message here is that use the date field if you can, so that...that's very important.

51:25It's faster in terms of query and display of data.

51:31So let's take a look at my table now. So it's the same table. I'll open it up.

51:36Here's the date field. And it's all automatically calculated, you know, what...what time of the day it is.

51:45Now, now to use this data, what I can do is I can perform a one-to-many join with individual stations.

51:53So I can join the time series data for individual stations based on the fact that...

51:59...if I open the attribute tables here, you notice that this has a station ID.

52:04And likewise, the meteorology data I have has a station ID too.

52:08So I can use the SQL expression there, and the Make Query Table tool, I'll show this in a second here.

52:14So let's open up the Make Query Table tool, which can be used for creating a one-to-many join.

52:19What it inputs is, is the, are the tables.

52:23So the one is the Met Stations feature class I have, the point feature class.

52:27And then the second one is the meteorology data I had in the table.

52:31So once I do that, I can specify which fields do I want to bring along into the, into the output layer.

52:38One tip here is that if you want your output layer, output table to be in the form of a layer, with the associated points...

52:46...you should pick the shape field here for sure from the, from the input feature class.

52:52And likewise, I can bring all the other fields in the output table.

52:57The key here is that I need to use it, use an expression.

53:01I can go into the SQL, or the Query Builder and specify that the station ID in the feature class...

53:06...is the same as the station ID in the meteorology data I have.

53:11And that's about it, actually. And I run the tool.

53:20And here's my query table layer, which got added, and it's an in-memory join...

53:25...so here's the layer, which gets stored with the map document as well.

53:28So I have all this data now, and how do I visualize this?

53:33I have these variables, there...there's a lot of variables in here.

53:37If I open up the attribute table again, we have everything in terms of the wind speed, the direction...

53:43...the gusts, the air temperature, water temperature, barometer.

53:47So it can, it can be important like when you're dealing with such a situation when the various barometers...

53:54...the wind speed, for example, is an important one.

53:58The water temperature is an important one, too.

54:00So how do I visualize this?

54:02So what we can do is I can...I can...I'll show you how you can symbolize these points effectively.

54:08So let me open up the Symbology tab here for the Query layer.

54:13And under Categories, I can choose to symbolize my data with wind speed.

54:19So that's the color, the wind speed will be reflected by the color changes, all right?

54:24The other thing I'm going to do is I'm going to change the symbology and choose an arrow symbol here for the wind direction.

54:31So let me choose a character marker symbol.

54:34Use a dimensioning one, I like this one better.

54:38And I'll use this.

54:40And I'll choose a darker...oh, it's the same one...use this.

54:48The other thing, I've...I've completely forgot about, is I'm going to make these arrows slightly bigger...not that big, but...

54:58And so I have the wind speed all, all sorted out.

55:02I have the wind...the arrow, arrows, arrow symbols here.

55:07How do I use the wind direction now?

55:09So let's go to the Advanced tab here, and then you can apply rotation based on the attributes.

55:15So I'll use the wind direction here and hit OK.

55:23And what you're going to see here is a bunch of overlapping arrows, and these are the wind directions, so, right.

55:32The...now to visualize this over time, what I'm going to do is enable time on the layer, go to the Time tab, enable time.

55:44It's automatically going to pick the field.

55:46In this case, my time step is going to be hourly, so I'll hit OK here.

55:50The other thing I want to cover here is the time zone...

55:53...so you can also set the time zone if your data was collected in a different time zone.

55:57Right.

55:59Hit OK here.

56:03And let's open up the Time Slider options.

56:06In this case, I'm going to choose a time step of my slider to be one hour.

56:13And again, if you've set some time zone on your layer...

56:16...you can choose to visualize your data in a different time zone as well...

56:19...so we have all the time zones listed on this machine.

56:23Right?

56:26I hit OK here, and let's go to the month of June.

56:32And now you can see like if I zoom in closer to this area, you can see those arrows.

56:43I'll turn off this point dataset, and as I move the Time Slider...

56:47...these arrows are representative of the wind direction, as well as the wind speed.

56:52Furthermore, if I want to visualize the wind gusts, as well, the values there...

56:58...I can choose to label these points with the, with the wind gusts, or an attribute field.

57:04In this case I'm going to use wind gust and specify the size.

57:10Hit OK, and here I have the wind gusts as well.

57:14So all of a sudden, what we've done is we've used this atmospheric data...

57:18...and visualized it now using symbology and some of the Data Management tools.

57:24All right, this is what I wanted to show you is.

57:30Okay, well that was a whole lot of stuff, wasn't it?

57:33We're going to cover a few more things, and kind of...

57:38Let's see, ten after eleven here, so we're going to keep going and talk about some more advanced data visualization.

57:45And these advanced visualizations are things which are much less common or likely to be used.

57:53What you saw there was just time in ArcGIS mapping.

57:56And it's pretty easy to use, and I know every one of you is going to be using it.

58:00So what the advanced concepts cover are things such as time animations.

58:07What you saw there was, yeah, it was an animating display.

58:09When we play back, or we use the Time Slider...

58:12...but as far as creating an animation, there's an animation framework in ArcGIS...

58:17...which is basically just to animate the display and create like a video file...

58:21...so if we want to export some, some specific things.

58:25Along with moving through time, the animation subsystem allows you to place a camera...

58:31...and to move that camera through your animation, so you can do flyovers...

58:35...and you can pan across areas and change your extent through time.

58:40And that's a more advanced, I guess, set of functionality.

58:46As well as, say, fading in and out of different layers, as well.

58:50If you have existing time layer animations, such as what you had in ArcGIS 9, those should also work the same in ArcGIS 10.

58:59And they're going to, when you use that Time Layer Animation, it's going to set the time properties on that later.

59:05So it's basically time enabled.

59:08If you're just looking to visualize data over time, you're not going to do this.

59:12You're going to use the Time Slider and all the time properties we've showed you.

59:16I'm going to give you an example here, of, in this case, moving a camera through time...

59:21...so we have a camera in space, we're changing extents, and then we're going to pan and we're going to come in...

59:26...as well as moving through, moving through space and time.

59:30And you can do these consecutively and concurrently in an, in an animation.

59:35So if you're looking to create something like this, even if it's not the big globe kind of scale...

59:40...the animation framework is time enabled, and it does allow you to move the camera through time.

59:46Another type of visualization, which is not part of the mapping system per se, but is data through time.

59:54So creating a graph as part of the data that you're, you're looking at, you might create a graph.

1:00:02And this works just like it did from 9.2 on.

1:00:07Yeah, it's the same.

1:00:09Other than it's hooked into the Time Slider.

1:00:12So it's going to use the same time extent that you set the map display will control the graph.

1:00:17I'm going to show you an example on the next one.

1:00:18Okay. And one other type is, what we would use, a Tracking Analyst example.

1:00:25This is an extension; it's not designed to do any of the things that we've looked at here...

1:00:33...but it's designed to basically monitor and observe real-time data.

1:00:37And so Tracking Analyst will create track lines from multiple-point observations.

1:00:41And it will try and do predictions on where a vehicle might be headed.

1:00:45And then there's advanced aging of information and per-feature analysis.

1:00:51And so the Tracking workflow is definitely...there's a whole booth on that; it's an extension product.

1:00:55It is also time enabled; tracking layers participate with the Time Slider just like the rest of ArcGIS.

1:01:01But it's a real-time and more advanced type of visualization.

1:01:05So we've got a demo coming up here.

1:01:13All right, I'm still not done with the multidimensional visualization, so I'm going to continue on that streak.

1:01:22I have the Met, the atmospheric data aggregated by the day...

1:01:25...so what I did was I used the Summary Statistics tool, and aggregated by the day.

1:01:30So if I open up the aggregated data...I'm not going to show you that now; we're kind of running out of time there.

1:01:36What I did was I created the...the mean wind speed for the entire day, the max air temperature...

1:01:43...max water temperature, and likewise for the other, other, other ones, right.

1:01:48Also, I have the time associated with that, so I'll enable time on this.

1:01:58And the other thing I'm going to do here is, I've...I've already created a graph...

1:02:02...which represents the other parameters, which we didn't visualize.

1:02:08And in this case, it's a bubble graph, so this is something new in ArcGIS 10.

1:02:12The bubble graph, in fact, is, allows us to visualize multivariables.

1:02:19For example, in this case we have the wind speed and the atmospheric pressure...

1:02:22...and the size of the bubbles is representing the air temperature.

1:02:26So all of a sudden, we have some more variables which we can look at over time.

1:02:31The other thing I'm going to do here is I'm going to set the Time Extent of the slider to be the same as the Met...the aggregated data.

1:02:38So the way to do this is go to the Time Slider options.

1:02:41Here on the Time Extent tab, I can choose to visualize only a certain, a certain time extent, which is of interest to me, so let's do that.

1:02:51And I'll essentially use a Met, data aggregator.

1:02:54Hit OK here.

1:02:56And now if I move my slider over time, you'll notice that the bubbles are moving as well.

1:03:04All my data below is moving, and at, on fifteenth of June, you know here's the air temperature...

1:03:10...here's the atmospheric pressure, the wind speed, the wind gusts, oil trajectory, all of it is right there.

1:03:17All right.

1:03:18Now furthermore, David mentioned that we can also use Tracking Analyst layers.

1:03:23The main advantage as...as you look into, from the temporal visualization perspective...

1:03:27...is that Tracking Analyst comes with advanced rendering capabilities, wherein you can render based on time.

1:03:34So let me add...I'm going to close this guy here.

1:03:37And I'll add a tracking layer.

1:03:40So there's the Tracking Analyst toolbar, which has some tools for advanced temporal visualization as well as analysis.

1:03:50So I'll add the temporal data here, and in this case, my data source is going to be Hurricane Alex.

1:03:55Now it's called Tropical Storm Alex, I guess.

1:03:59And in this case, I'm going to go to the point feature class.

1:04:04This is one of the datasets I downloaded, and this is probably not reflective of where it eventually ended up being.

1:04:12But what I can do here in this dialog, I can specify the Date_Time field, which contains the...the...the time stamps.

1:04:20Also I can choose something called a track ID.

1:04:23In this case, we're going to use the, a storm name.

1:04:26So this track ID can be used for, for a variety of purposes, and one of these is symbolizing over time.

1:04:33So let me add this dataset; let's go to a bookmark, and here I have the Hurricane Alex, or I'll just call it Alex, I guess.

1:04:45It's not a hurricane any longer, so.

1:04:48So once I have that in...in here, I can go to the Properties...

1:04:53...and it's symbolized based on the advanced rendering capabilities there.

1:04:58So I can choose to have the most current event based on a different symbol.

1:05:02So I'll choose that, and I'll symbolize the most current event with a hurricane symbol.

1:05:08So I'll search for that symbol...probably this is new at ArcGIS 10 as well, the ability to search symbols.

1:05:15So I can do that, and I'll choose hurricane; hit OK.

1:05:21The other thing I'm going to do is I'm going to use the track IDs and create a track out of it.

1:05:27So as a point moves, there'll be a track as well.

1:05:30So I'll choose that and hit OK.

1:05:35So now in order to visualize this over time, we again go to the Time tab.

1:05:39This has slightly a different...a different look and feel, the Time tab here...

1:05:44...because the date time and all those properties have already been configured on the Add Temporal Data Visit, which I showed earlier.

1:05:51In this case, I want to keep this layer synchronized with the map time.

1:05:54And also I want to display the data cumulatively.

1:05:58So I want to keep the track as it, as we progress in time.

1:06:02So let's go all the way to 20-6.

1:06:08Maybe a better way to do it is simply go to the Time Extent, and let's choose Hurricane Alex in this case and hit OK.

1:06:16And now if I progress over time, you'll notice that I have a track associated with my point feature class.

1:06:26Now this is a tracking layer; now that, that's the example there.

1:06:30And also I have my other datasets being animated at the same time.

1:06:34Right? That's about it.

1:06:38Okay, so lots of different types of data and lots of different things we can do with it, all related to the map time.

1:06:46Time Slider sets the time on the map, just like panning and zooming set the extent.

1:06:51All the time-enabled layers, they're enabled on that map, will respond to that map time.

1:06:57We're going to just kind of summarize some of these best practices.

1:07:01You saw these little yellow check marks throughout the presentation.

1:07:04Some of you were writing them down; that's good.

1:07:07Use a Date type field whenever possible.

1:07:09Index that Date type field; use UTC and avoid issues with time zone differences.

1:07:16Use standard time if possible.

1:07:18We have a good set of data conversion tools to convert into the supported field types and storage formats.

1:07:27And if you have questions about the data models and when to use the single or join table structures...

1:07:33...that is also part of our documentation as well, which I didn't go through on the help system, but that is also covered.

1:07:40And future directions, I will mention there is a Special Interest Group discussion at 1:30 this afternoon...

1:07:48...for people that are doing research into space-time modeling.

1:07:52So if that's a focus area and you've spent a lot of time working on multidimensional involving time...

1:07:59...1:30 today, it's in room 31A, and it's going to be a packed room, because it's only about this big...

1:08:06...and there's already a lot of people that are coming.

1:08:08But you'll be able to meet other people with similar interests...

1:08:11...and provide feedback to some of the engineers and developers that are working on time at Esri.

1:08:17Other future directions are looking at things such as time as it relates to metadata...

1:08:22...some advanced concepts in temporal data management.

1:08:25We've done a bit of work in 10; there's more work to go as far as automating some of that data processing...

1:08:31...which we're maybe looking for feedback from you on.

1:08:35And you know, what do you need?

1:08:37We need to get information; you have a survey form out there.

1:08:41You can start filling that out; we do have, I think, five minutes or so for questions and answers, so question right here.

1:08:47[Inaudible audience question]

1:08:53Repeat the question.

1:09:00So the question was, when you create a graph, do we need to do something special there to make it time aware?

1:09:06[Inaudible audience question]

1:09:07In the graph creation process, I would suggest that there's something...

1:09:13...when...when you are dealing with graphs, when you update the graphs, sometimes the axes need to be set to a certain time.

1:09:21So you can choose to have...right now what we do by default is that the axes are going to be set...

1:09:29...the values on the axes will be set automatically, so you can choose to preset those values, the maximum value on the graph axes.

1:09:36So that makes it look better.

1:09:38The other ones are...it's there in the help as well.

1:09:42There's some tips and tricks in terms of how do you create graphs and visualize it over time.

1:09:47So you might want to refer to that, but if there's something specific, I can show that to you, like how I created this one.

1:09:54We can go there, right?

1:09:56Okay, in the back there?

1:09:57[Inaudible audience question] How do these tools work with a geodatabase [inaudible].

1:10:03So the tools don't...Okay, the question is, how do these tools or the temporal mapping system...

1:10:08...work with geodatabases where there are archive tables?

1:10:11There's not an automatic acknowledgment of those history or archive tables in these tools.

1:10:17If we...Let's see if I have it here, quickly...I don't know how quickly I'd find it. Yeah.

1:10:24If you remember this slide here, where we were kind of talking about system-generated auditing in the database, et cetera.

1:10:31There are some patterns for time in the database that are not time as an attribute...

1:10:37...where we can actually control that through our mapping system.

1:10:40And so that's part of future directions, is how do we honor archived and historical...

1:10:45...or delta table-type information that has specific time windows on it.

1:10:51But not all of that archived data is meant to be used.

1:10:54It's like interval or animation-style time.

1:10:57So we need to get better understanding on that. But it's not something that's there at 10.

1:11:03Let's see, right here.

1:11:04[Audience question] Can you use other formats like Julian dating...

1:11:07...and the other question I have is can your polygon's start and end time overlap?

1:11:14So I'll answer...There's two questions here, the first one, and I'll have you answer the first one about the Julian date.

1:11:20The Julian date, yeah, out of the box, we don't, but if you...

1:11:23...if you want to do it programmatically, yes, there is, there are ways to do it on the time object, so.

1:11:31And you'll have to develop your own custom, custom slider for....

1:11:36So and then can you repeat the second part of that question?

1:11:38[Audience question] If you have a, your polygons where you have the start and end date so your, your fishing seasons overlap.

1:11:45Yes so, the question is, can a polygon where there's multiple time stamps on a polygon...

1:11:49...that have start and end durations, can those durations overlap?

1:11:54And, excuse me.

1:11:56I think, what I'm understanding here is that one, let's say you have one polygon which is valid from T1...

1:12:04...not T1, but say, it's valid from January first to January thirty-first...

1:12:08...and the second one is valid from January first to January fifteenth.

1:12:13Is that reflective?

1:12:14[Audience comment] Or one from the fifteenth to February something.

1:12:17Yeah, it'll show both the polygons at the same time.

1:12:20So then when it's...

1:12:21Each, each polygon is essentially almost like its own feature, you might have the exact same area and boundary...

1:12:27...and it might be this is a clone of that polygon with different times.

1:12:31And those separate features, as we play through time with the Time Slider...

1:12:36...there might be gaps where they don't have continuous where it might kind of flash on and off.

1:12:41Or they may overlap, and if it's an overlap condition and it's the same boundary, you won't see it.

1:12:46If it has evolved, you might see both of them briefly until that overlap is gone.

1:12:52So...I'm going to take one back here.

1:12:55[Inaudible audience question]

1:13:09Yeah, can you switch real quick?

1:13:12So the question is, if...if time is continuing to evolve, and the underlying time repository is not static...

1:13:19...and things are being added continually, can you keep this current?

1:13:24And I'll mention that, in, if you publish this, a layer against that time source, and you publish that through Server...

1:13:31...that it's very easy in say, JavaScript or something, to refresh every minute and so on.

1:13:36In, this, in, in...

1:13:38Yeah, this option here, you, what we, for historical data, we suggest that you calculate the Layer Time Extent.

1:13:45So that's what the slider actually uses to calculate the full time extent.

1:13:50The other thing you can do here is you can choose this option...

1:13:53...which saves data changes frequently, so calculate the time extent automatically.

1:13:58So using this option, the slider knows that there's a dynamic layer...

1:14:02...and it'll show the dynamic layer in the, in the...in the table of contents.

1:14:06[Inaudible audience question]

1:14:10When you say that...

1:14:11[Audience comment] So the underlying data doesn't follow...

1:14:13The underlying data can be based on a view regardless.

1:14:16What happens here is this time extent gets saved into the layer with that setting, which right now is the ninth of July.

1:14:24And so the Time Slider would come to the far right and stop.

1:14:26And the server would not know that the data is changing as well, so the Web clients, et cetera...

1:14:31...if you click that check box, then every time you bring up the Time Slider, or every time the map is loaded into the browser...

1:14:37...it queries for the time extent, and it finds the range of time.

1:14:40[Audience comment] That's cool. I was just...the underlying data itself can be a view that's changing [inaudible].

1:14:46Yeah, I see. Yeah, yeah.

1:14:48Yeah, so have you looked...?

1:14:49There's something, you know if you are in your map document already, you, there's some tools here which I didn't cover.

1:14:56This is the Full Time Extent.

1:14:57So let's say your data's changed, you could, if you click this button, it's...it's automatically going to calculate the new time extent.

1:15:04The other thing is, have you looked at the query layers that are part of 10 now, where you can build a layer based on a SQL query?

1:15:11[Inaudible audience comment]

1:15:12That might be something, like if you just have a view against a...

1:15:14...like say an Oracle table or something, you can build a query layer against that raw data.

1:15:19And if that data changes, when you bring up the Time Slider, it will find the newer date fields.

1:15:24Yep. So. Thanks.

1:15:26Let's see, over here.

1:15:27[Audience question] When you showed the Make Query, Query Table tool, and you said it would...

1:15:32...does that actually, will it allow you to average [inaudible] values for a whole day?

1:15:36No.

1:15:37[Audience question] Or is that a separate tool?

1:15:38That's a separate tool; I used the Summary Statistics tool on that.

1:15:41[Audience question] So you used Make Query and then Summary Stats table?

1:15:45Yeah, that's what I used on that.

1:15:47So actually, you don't need...

1:15:49...yeah, let me, let me...

1:15:51[Audience comment] Yeah, that would be awesome if you...

1:15:52Let me answer this again.

1:15:53So you have the time series data; you could actually run the Summary Statistics tool on that data itself.

1:15:59And then use a Make Query Table.

1:16:01So that'll be even better, because you don't have to join like a larger dataset that's already aggregated to a daily...

1:16:08[Audience comment] But when you do that Make Summaries Stats table...

1:16:10Yeah.

1:16:11[Audience question] Can I say, average it, average this station for this season?

1:16:16No. No, okay.

1:16:17Yeah, you could do, I can give you a trick here.

1:16:20What you can do is you can create a new field and say that you know, these...these features are valid for a certain season.

1:16:28See what I mean? Like these, these'll be grouped by a season then.

1:16:31And that's where you would use the Summary Statistics and say that this is the field, the season field...

1:16:37...is which I want to base my summarization on or, you know, howsoever you want to summarize the data.

1:16:44Okay, I don't see that there's the next presenter here, but I'm going to keep taking questions.

1:16:49I just want to say before we might get flushed out that, thanks everybody for coming...

1:16:53...but stick around and keep asking questions until the next person shows up, so.

1:16:59Yeah. Back there. Yeah, right there.

1:17:01[Audience question] In your Time tab on your layer [inaudible] in a checkbox.

1:17:07[Audience question] Does that just make the symbol persist? Or if I was doing rainfall, would my symbol actually [inaudible].

1:17:20[Audience question] I have...I've irradiated.

1:17:21Yeah.

1:17:22[Audience question] So my [inaudible] season, my data is in a format of inches per day.

1:17:31[Audience question] But my display is the range over time. Does that make sense?

1:17:34So it's going to be like, on the second day, you want it to be...

1:17:38[Audience question] Two inches.

1:17:39Can I ask a question here?

1:17:40I think our use of the word cumulative is that the map display is a cumulative display of features.

1:17:46Are you looking to say that that feature grows, the feature accumulates?

1:17:49[Audience comment] Correct. From here, when you say cumulative, you're really saying persists.

1:17:53We're saying, we're saying the older feature persists when the next one comes...

1:17:57[Audience comment] Correct.

1:17:58...but the map display is cumulative in multiple features.

1:18:02We're saying the map is accumulating multiple features.

1:18:04[Audience comment] Correct, so you're not accumulating...

1:18:07The data. No. No. The data's not accumulating into a single feature.

1:18:10When we look into that...into that direction for sure, you know...

1:18:13...that's why we want to hear like what you guys want in terms of data aggregation and all this stuff.

1:18:19Okay.

1:18:20[Audience question] I've been asked to, by...I've, I've...

1:18:23[Audience question] ...I've worked with [inaudible] with the city, and I've worked with parcels.

1:18:26[Audience question] And I've been asked by the planners to be able to click on a piece of land...

1:18:30...[Audience question] and see how that's been zoned through time.

1:18:33Okay.

1:18:34[Audience question] Or how it's been subdivided through time is a separate problem.

1:18:37[Audience question] Can, can I show, will the symbology change when I, when I click through times?

1:18:46[Audience question] It was zoned industrial, and then it was, or it was zoned county and then it was annexed, [inaudible].

1:18:52Yeah, it should like...

1:18:53Yes. Yes. It should, yes.

1:18:55[Unintelligible speech]

1:18:58What you...I was going to say what you may have is, through some span of time...

1:19:01...where there might be all kinds of other iterations on the features.

1:19:04You might have this parcel that just existed, and when it goes away, say, in January 28 of some year...

1:19:10...now maybe there's two parcels that replace it, right?

1:19:13So it's up to you whether one of those new parcels keeps the same parcel ID of the old one or do you create new...two new IDs.

1:19:20That's part of your data management, right?

1:19:22But, but essentially a polygon would duration to some point, and it would no longer be valid...

1:19:27...and two new polygons might be in the same space as what the previous one.

1:19:31And they're now persisting forward from that point on.

1:19:33As far as rendering, and...and showing the symbology of that, any of the attributes can affect the rendering...

1:19:38...so you could have different color values, or outlines, or crosshatching, or anything based on those attributes that you have.

1:19:45[Inaudible audience question]

1:19:49So the question is, can you animate rasters through time?

1:19:52Yes, you can.

1:19:53So the key here is that you have to create a raster catalog or a mosaic dataset.

1:19:57And have an attribute field which has the time stamps.

1:20:01So that's...as soon as you have it, you enable time on the layer, and yeah, you [inaudible] business.

1:20:07[Audience question] So if I was to set up a layer like this, with, with [inaudible] problems, switching out the data source with Python?

1:20:18When you have such a dataset, and if you switch the data source...

1:20:23[Audience question] Yeah, if I had just any of these layers up here, if I went and switched the data source through Python...

1:20:30To do something different.

1:20:31So keeping the existing, let's say, layer properties, the symbology or whatever, but just changing to a different data source.

1:20:38I think that would be...

1:20:39Yes, it's...

1:20:40It's not a pattern that we've, we've really built up a new one from a data source and changed the properties in Python, but...

1:20:45The...one, one comment I'd like to make here is that...that there's a tool called Apply Symbology.

1:20:50I think there's a function in ArcPy now when you can just grab a symbology...

1:20:55...or the layer properties from another dataset or another layer.

1:21:01At that point, we don't support it right now.

1:21:04There's a...there's a...yeah, we didn't develop that one there, but...

1:21:09...so the key there is that you'll probably have to, have to change the time extent...

1:21:16...if the data is totally changed in time extent, that might be a little problematic.

1:21:21But you, what you could do there is that you should author your layer with a dynamic option, which I showed on the layer.

1:21:27That's probably the way to go on that one.

1:21:30Right? Yes, please.

1:21:32[Audience comment] I've created animations in the past; I've had to create a fake point for a...labels on my date and time.

1:21:39[Audience question] Do you guys have a simple way to put a date and time...

1:21:42Oh, I didn't sow that, show that.

1:21:46I had my layer done, but...so on the Layout field, what you can do is insert dynamic text and data frame time, and...

1:21:59...here, it's a dynamic element, so if I open this up, I can say Time...

1:22:05...and it's going to get the slider's time, and the display format as well.

1:22:12And then I can change the symbol, and David had a...had a video as well, on his slides, so I'll make it 28.

1:22:24If I move the slider now, it should update...

1:22:29...the time as well, so this is primarily useful when you're trying to create videos.

1:22:34Here's a video tool, Create Video tool, right off the slider.

1:22:37The other place where it's useful is when you are trying to use ArcPy scripting for generating temporal map books.

1:22:43 We didn't cover that here, but now that is another capability that we have the data frame time...

1:22:49...and I can just go through the different times and create maps as a...as a map book, so.

1:22:55 [Inaudible audience question]

1:22:57Oh this one is Insert Dynamic Text and Data Frame Time.

1:23:02Because the current date and time are your current system date and time, not from the database.

1:23:07[Inaudible audience question]

1:23:14There's a question in the back.

1:23:16[Audience question] Is it possible to have two or more Time Sliders...

1:23:20...and then change their [inaudible] time per layer, and then synchronize it.

1:23:26Okay, so the question is, if, if, is it possible to have two or more Time Sliders...

1:23:31...and then as you change the current time that they keep synchronized.

1:23:35So there is one instance of Time Slider for the map; we're not, there's not like two different Time Sliders that come up.

1:23:43There is a lot of properties on this Time Slider that allow you to create time windows...

1:23:48...and per layer, you can react to the Time Slider time.

1:23:52On layers, you can offset; you can do different time zones.

1:23:55You can do those things as a function of the Layer Properties, but not to say, have two sliders, like one per layer.

1:24:01Yeah. That, that, that's not...

1:24:03There's...the slider is per data frame, so you could possibly create two data frames as well.

1:24:10So...if you're looking at that offset kind of thing, maybe you have a layer that's 2009 for all of May...

1:24:18...and you have 2010 for all of May.

1:24:21Well the Time Slider says 2010 right there, that's the...the control.

1:24:25You take the 2009 layer and you go to the tab and say Offset plus one year...

1:24:29...and now both layers, you can do like an A, B kind of comparison...

1:24:34...as one of them will be kind of artificially rendering in 2010 with that one-year offset.

1:24:38So that eliminates the need to have lots of sliders for different layers.

1:24:42So it's this property here, right at the bottom. Right.

1:24:45Okay, any, there was a question over here, right here.

1:24:48[Audience question] Just curious, what's the appropriate workflow for getting an animated graph onto a layout for export for videos?

1:24:55It's simple as this. Let me do... I'll try.

1:25:02Add to Layout, right-click on the graph, Add to Layout.

1:25:06[Audience question] So that'll work with the Time Slider?

1:25:07Yes, it should. Let me place it right here.

1:25:12Let's move the slider. It did...moved...the bubbles, so.

1:25:15Yeah it did. Yeah. It's doing the labeling at the bottom too, so it's good.

1:25:19Yeah. So it's all synced up, everything is synced up.

1:25:23[Audience question] When you calculate the End Time tool, you showed how it's offset.

1:25:26[Audience question] What happens for the very last record? Does it get to save End Time, Start Time?

1:25:29You know what, we actually had that in the notes and I didn't speak it; it does.

1:25:36So yeah, the last instance will keep the last instance Start Time, so these arrows point up, except the last one is the same.

1:25:43You can manually edit that and create the offset on the last one if you want to, yeah.

1:25:48I skipped through that accidentally, I was already past it and...

1:25:51And this is all available in the help, you know, these graphics...

1:25:54...and so we've worked quite a bit on the help in this release as well, so...

1:25:58...in general in ArcGIS 10, the help is much more clearer.

1:26:02[Inaudible audience question]

1:26:05Yeah, the, the User Conference proceedings we'll have this.

1:26:08We'll have...we haven't uploaded it yet, as far as the...the PDF.

1:26:12We're going to do that today, but the video will be available too, or the audio.

1:26:17Yeah.

1:26:18[Inaudible audience comment] Does it work with the ArcGlobe and ArcScene?

1:26:25Yes, it does.

1:26:29Yes?

1:26:30[Inaudible audience question]

1:26:44So when you...when you set the Layer Properties...

1:26:46...and you publish a document, the services that are created in Server are time enabled...

1:26:51...so the Time properties, such as, if you did set a time zone...

1:26:54...or you set an interval, or what your time extent, and all of those fields...

1:26:58...those go with the service; they're coming out of Server.

1:27:01So the REST API, the SOAP API, and including the different WMS, WFS...

1:27:07...you're able to make a query request from that Web client to set a time window.

1:27:13[Audience comment] Okay, I've had a problem doing that, and I was very negative, something's wrong with my, [inaudible].

1:27:29So you have the netCDF data in the map document, and that's what you're trying to publish?

1:27:34Yes.

1:27:35Yeah, there might be some issues there; I'm not sure myself.

1:27:41Is there anybody that might help?

1:27:43Yeah, you could probably stop by on the Spatial Analyst island and look for Norman, as...as the lead...